IN THE LOWER ANIMALS, ETC. 351 



by the being endowed with mind, it had occurred 

 to me that possibly the word mentum might be 

 traceable to the same root as mens; but I regret 

 that hitherto my own researches, and those of 

 literary men whom I have consulted, have failed 

 to establish positively the common origin of the 

 words in question. It is, however, a curious 

 coincidence, that the nouns mens and mentum 

 should each form mentalis as their adjective. 



The chin forms a more important element of 

 intellectual expression than is generally imagined; 

 and we are sometimes instinctively conscious of a 

 defect in a countenance in all other respects well 

 formed, but in which the mental process is imper- 

 fectly developed. 



Time only permits a passing glance at the skull 

 and face in the degraded varieties of the human 

 race. If we compare the Australian skull with 

 the Caucasian, we notice that in the former the 

 forehead is receding, the skull narrow, and the 

 zygoma large and prominent; the alveolar i)ro- 

 cesses are remarkably strong, the incisors pro- 

 jecting, and all the teeth larger than in the higher 

 races. The facial angle is consequently dimi- 

 nished; but the chin, however defective, is still 

 well marked, and the leading characteristics dis- 

 tinguishing man from the Quadrumana are plainly 

 recognizable in the most degraded tribes. The 

 increased development of the zygoma and other 

 bones of the face may be attributed to the harder 



