172 Elementary Principles of 



changed for, each other. Hence it happens, that a letter, or 

 the letters, of a primary biliteral is, or are, exchanged for some 

 other letter, or letters, of similar phonic character : and, in this 

 way, secondary hiliterals are formed, which are endowed with 

 the import or imports of the primary hiliterals from which they 

 are respectively derived. We will illustrate this mode of con- 

 structing secondary hiliterals. 



We have seen that the biliteral JlD is formed, by affixing the 

 formative D (T), to the significant D (C), and that, in this bili- 

 teral, this significant exerts its ideal character III. ; the biliteral 

 JHD, denoting CuTting or HiTting. This, then, is an example 

 of a primary hiliteral. But, examining this biliteral with a 

 reference to the phonic characters of its component letters, we 

 find that it consists of a palatine (D) followed by a dental (/I.) 

 If, then, taking this primary biliteral, we substitute for its first, 

 or palatine letter, some other |)aZaime letter ; or, if we substitute 

 for its final, or dental letter, some other dental letter ; we may 

 still construct a biliteral, which is endowed with all the import 

 of /ID, although the first letter, or the last letter of this latter 

 biliteral have been exchanged for another letter, or although 

 both its letters have been exchanged for two other letters, the 

 first of such substituted letters being a palatine, the second a 

 dental. 



The other palatines are p, whose phonic character closely re- 

 sembles that of D, it being similar to that of the Latin K or Q ; 

 21 answering to the Latin G ; and the harsh aspirate H, answer* 

 ing to the Greek X, or the Latin Ch. 



Thus from the primary biliteral J^D, we form (by substituting 

 the palatine :i or H, for the first or palatine letter D,) the se- 

 condary hiliterals D^ (GT) and Jin (HT or ChT), which are 

 endowed with the import of JlD. So, by substituting for the 

 final or dental letter of ilD some other dental letter, and by also 

 exchanging the first, or palatine letter, for some other palatine, 

 we also procure, from this primary biliteral, the secondary hili- 

 terals ^p (KT, KTh, QT, or QTh), yp (KZ, or KTs), yn 

 (HZ or ChTs), ?n (HZ or ChDs), O (GZ or GDs), in (ChD 

 or HD), all of which are endowed with the import of the pri- 

 mary biliteral JID (CT), 



