47 



but when the article is withdrawn it takes aspiration : as, no 6^)U 

 to sense ; -do'-m 5-c^)lt to the sense. 



4. " Nouns of the masculine gender beginning with aspirable 

 consonants, except fj must preserve their natural sounds in the no- 

 minative and accusative singular and be aspirated in the genitive 

 and dative. In all the cases of the Plural except the genitive, 

 the initial preserves its natural power ; but in the genitive it must 

 be eclipsed, unless it be. an w or an f." Here he should have ex* 

 cepted in the Genitive singular, thbse that begin with "D or c, and 

 the dative requires eclipsis instead of aspiration. In the Plural he 

 should have excepted the vocative, for it takes aspiration. — It is 

 again stated, that " When ^ is the initial of feminine nouns, and 

 followed by a vowel, or by t or ^, (and he should have added -m) 

 it requires c prefixed in all the cases of the singular except the ge- 

 nitive." This is erroneous, for the vocative takes aspiration. " In 

 the genitive singular, and all the cases of the j)lural, it preserves its 

 natural powers." This also is erroneous, for the vocative plural re- 

 quires aspiration j as for the first instance, <t f u)t O eye ; for the 

 second, a. f6)te^, O eyes. — The same remark is applicable to f, in 

 the next paragraph to the above, when it is the initial of mascu. 

 line nouns ; as <i fttogttjt, O world, <t f <co5<ttc(t, O worlds. 



He says that " Nouns beginning with td or c, having the article 

 prefixed, suffer no aspiration, but tire eclipsed in the genitive plural." 

 This is not so. The vocative singular and plural require aspiration ; 

 as <t 'b'VT'Me-, O man, a. te-Jtijt), O fire, <t tjciojiie-, O men, <t ce-)tice-* 

 O fires ? — He says " Thus we see that the initial variation of nouns 

 erveto express their gender, number and case." — It expresses, 

 however, something more, but in conjunction with other words 

 and: even then only partially. Gf what use are terminational 

 changes ? —It is stated, that " I, n, p. suffer no change in writing when 



