00 



paper, the author had succeeded in obtaining a great variety of pro- 

 ducts which had escaped his notice when operating on a smaller scale. 

 Among the most volatile products, and accompanying ammonia, he had 

 detected the presence of a base of the formula Cg Hg N, and which 

 had all the properties of methylamine. He had also determined the 

 presence of propylamine Cg Hg N, and rendered probable the exist- 

 ence of ethylamine C^ H^ N. 



In the examination of the bases boiling at higher points great 

 difficulties had been experienced, and even after many rectifications 

 the indications of fixed boiling points were extremely indistinct, 

 but, by the examination of the platinum salts, the author ascertained 

 the existence of a base boiling at about 250°, having the formula 

 CjQ Hg N, for which he proposed the name of Pyridine, and of 

 another boiling about 310°, which has the formula C^^ Hg N, and 

 has the constitution of toluidine, but differs entirely from it in proper- 

 ties. To this base the author gives the name of Lutidine. 



At the close of the paper the author also refers shortly to the 

 existence of an entirely different series of bases, to which he gives 

 the provisional name of Pyrrol Bases, which are distinguished by 

 the property of splitting up, under the action of strong acids, into a 

 red resinous matter, and one or other of the bases of the picoline 

 series. 



3. On Carmufellic Acid. By Dr Sheridan Muspratt and 

 Mr Danson. 



In this paper the authors, after mentioning the various researches 

 hitherto made on cloves and the substances therein discovered, de- 

 scribe the preparation of the new acid. 



20 lb. of cloves are extracted by boiling water, and the decoctions, 

 after being concentrated to six gallons, were acted on by nitric acid, 

 first in the cold, afterwards with the aid of heat. The action is 

 brisk, and irritating vapours are given off, which affect the eyes 

 strongly. Oxalic and carbonic acids are also formed. A white 

 deposit is separated by filtration, and the filtered liquid, on evapora- 

 tion, yields yellow micaceous scales of the acid, which are obtained 

 colourless by combining it with lead and separating it by sulphu- 

 retted hydrogen. 



The acid is insoluble in alcohol, ether, and cold water, but soluble 



