191 



7. The counties in which the number of licensed spirit-shops is 

 greatest in proportion to population, are all distinguished for the fre- 

 quency of crime ; while those in which they are fewest are, with a 

 single exception, greatly below the average of crime. 



8. Excess in the proportion of real property to population is, in 

 general, accompanied by excess of crime. 



9. Eight out of the ten counties which stand highest in the list 

 of serious crime, exhibit a proportion of school attendance consider- 

 ably above the average of the country ; while of the counties in which 

 crime is rarest, all but two are greatly below the general educational 

 standard. 



10. The per-centage of female criminals is much larger in Scot- 

 land than in any European country of which the records are pub- 

 lished. In France, the number of females in each 100 culprits is 

 15; in England, 19 ; and in Scotland, 28. 



11. A marked decrease in the number of juvenile offenders in 

 the large towns has been going on for the last six or seven years. 



12. There is a remarkable uniformity from year to year in the 

 results of criminal proceedings ; the proportion of convictions to trials 

 never having varied in the last four years more than one per cent. 



13. The number of sentences under the aggravation of previous 

 conviction has been steadily and rapidly increasing for the last 

 fifteen years ; indicating either greater efficiency of the police, or 

 insufficiency in the character of punishment. 



14. In the last half of the ten years under review, the number of 

 cases in which insanity has been successfully pleaded in bar of trial, 

 is more than double what it was in the first half; and the number 

 of accused who have been found insane on trial, has multiplied nearly 

 to the same extent. • 



The author concluded by regretting that the deficiency of statis- 

 tical materials in Scotland, and in particular the total want of a sys- 

 tem of registration, prevented the extension of the inquiry to many 

 subjects of great public interest. 



