I860.] 



on Acids and Salts. 



239 



This next table illustrates the general relations of the perchloric salts 

 and ethers, to their sulphuric, phosphoric, and silicic analogues. The 

 existence of the silicated compounds corresponding to the formulae in 

 italics, has not yet been established. 



Acids, Salts, and Ethers. 



HCl 



H,S 



H„P 



H,Si 



"^^^*lEt CIO, 



Na^S O4 

 Et, S O, 



NagP O4 

 PO, 



H«SO,| 



H3P 



Na H S O4 

 Et H S O4 



Na2HP04|NaH,P04 

 Et2HP04|Et HgPO, 



Na^HSiOA^2i^YiS^O, 

 EtHSiOj[Et^H^SiO^ 



NaHaSi O4 

 EtH^SiO, 



Considering the relations of ammonia and phosphuretted hydrogen, 

 H3N and HgP respectively, and the relations of marsh gas, and sili- 

 ciuretted hydrogen, H4C and H^Si respectively, there should exist 

 nitrates and carbonates having the general formulae M3NO4 and 

 M4CO4 respectively, corresponding to ordinary phosphates and silicates 

 having the general formulae M3PO4 and M4Si O4 respectively. It is 

 observable, however, that in addition to ordinary phosphates and 

 silicates, there are other phosphates and silicates, known respectively 

 as metaphosphates and metasilicates, which differ from the ordinary 

 salts by the loss of an atom of base, and that it is these metasalts to 

 which ordinary nitrates and carbonates correspond, thus ; 



Phosphate M3PO4 - M^d = M P Os Metaphosphate. 



M NOa Nitrate. 



Silicate M4Si04-M,0 =M2Si03 Metasilicate. 



MjC O3 Carbonate. 



But chemists are acquainted with a considerable number of car- 

 bonates and nitrates, which may be called orthocarbonates and 

 orthonitrates respectively, that do correspond in their formulae with 

 ordinary silicates and phosphates, as shown in the table. 



Orthocabbonates. 



Ca4 CO4 Bicarbonate of calcium. 



Zn, CO4 Dicarbonate of zinc. 



MggH CO4 Dicarbonate of magnesium. 



Pb4 CO4 Dicarbonate of lead. 



PbaHCO* White lead. 



CU4 CO4 Mysorine. 



CU3H CO4 Azurite. 



Bi"'H CO4 Dicarbonate of bismuth. 



