I860.] Dr. Lankester, on Bread- Making and Baking. 



253 



Managers. 



The Lord Ashburton, DC.L. F.R.S. 

 John J. Bigsby, M.D. F.G.S. 

 George Dodd, Esq. F.S.A. 

 Colonel George Everest, F.R.S. 

 Sir Charles Fellows, F.G.S. 

 John Hall Gladstone, Esq. Ph.D. F.R.S. 

 Wm. R. Grove, Esq. M.A. Q.C. F.R.S. 

 Sir Charles Hamilton, Bart. C.B. 



Henry Bence Jones, M.D. F.R.S. 

 Sir Roderick I. Murchison, G.C.S. 



DC.L. F.R.S. 

 Frederick Pollock, Esq. M.A. 

 Lewis Powell, M.D. F.S.A. 

 The Duke of Wellington, K.G. D.C.L. 

 Charles Wheatstone, Esq. F.R.S. 

 Colonel Philip James Yorke, F.R.S. 



Visitors. 



Beriah Botfield, Esq. M.P. F.R.S.F.S.A. 

 John Charles Burgoyne, Esq. 

 George Busk, Esq. F.R.S. F.L.S. 

 Rev. Charles John Fynes Clinton, M.A. 

 William Gaussen, Esq. 

 Gordon Willoughby James Gyll, Esq. 

 Rev. Ernest Hawkins, B.D. 

 Alexander Henderson, M.D. F.S.A. 



Sir Walter Charles James, Bart. 



Edmund Macrory, Esq. M.A. 



James Nasmyth, Eisq. 



Henry Minchin Noad, Esq. F.R.S. 



Matthew Noble, Esq. 



Henry Pemberton, Esq. 



Alexander Shaw, Esq. 



WEEKLY EVENING MEETING, 



Friday, May 4, 1860. 



William Robert Grove, Esq. M.A. Q.C. F.R.S. Vice-President, 



in the Chair. 



Edwin Lankester, M.D. F.R.S, 

 On Bread-Making and Baking, 



The speaker stated that the principal object he had in view in deliver- 

 ing the discourse was to answer the question so often put as to what was 

 " aerated bread." Bread, as used at table, assumed two forms depend- 

 ent on its preparation, vesiculated and unvesiculated. The latter is 

 known under the name of unleavened bread, and consists of such pre- 

 parations of flour as biscuits, passover cakes, &c. Vesiculated bread is 

 prepared in two ways, either by fermentation or aeration. In all cases 

 fermented bread is made from the flour of wheat, or a mixture of this 

 with the meal or flour of other grain. Barley, oats, maize, rye, will 

 not alone make fermented bread. The meal of these grains is added 

 to wheaten flour, when they are made into bread. 



Wheaten flour is made from the grains of wheat, which are the 



