1861.] on the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. 385 



nassus, and fortified it with a citadel, which they called the Castle of 

 St. Peter, and Fontanus, the historian of the siege of lihodes, with 

 which he was contemporary, tells how a German knight, Henry 

 Schlegelholt, commenced building this fortress out of the ruins of the 

 tomb of Mausolus, a fact which, Mr. Newton adds, is completely 

 confirmed by his own examination of the present state of the site. 

 It is also mentioned that this castle was twice subsequently repaired 

 — first in A.D. 1482, and again in a.d. 1522. Of this last occasion 

 and of the discovery of what, Mr. Newton, with reason, supposes to 

 have been the actual tomb" of Mausolus, a remarkable account has 

 been published by M. Guichard, in 1581, who states that he heard 

 this story from Dalechamp, the editor of Pliny, who received it from 

 M. de la Tourrette, who was himself present at the last demolition of 

 the Mausoleum, the object of which barbarous act was to procure 

 squared stone for the construction of the castle. 



Mr. Newton read an extract from this most curious narrative, and 

 expressed his opinion that the gold ornaments, &c., said to have been 

 seen by the knights within the tomb, were probably analogous with 

 those discovered in the famous sepulchre of KoulOba, at Kertch. 



Having given this slight sketch of what was previously known of 

 the Mausoleum, Mr. Newton proceeded to describe the course of his 

 own researches, which have had the remarkable success, not only of 

 satisfactorily proving the position of this famous monument, above the 

 Agora, in the centre of the ancient city, but also of determining the 

 style oif its art and the general character of its structure. He stated 

 that he was first led to make inquiries about the Mausoleum by the 

 arrival, in 1846, at the British Museum, of twelve sculptured slabs, 

 which had been obtained from the walls of the castle of St. Peter 

 through the influence of Lord Stratford de Kedcliffe, then British 

 ambassador at Constantinople ; and that he was further stimulated 

 to make excavations, with the view of finding the actual site of the 

 tomb, by having noticed, in 1856, several lions' heads still projecting 

 from the walls of this castle, which, like the slabs previously procured, 

 he had no doubt had once belonged to the Mausoleum. 



In 1856 he commenced excavating, and at intervals pursued his 

 researches till the spring of 1858, proceeding gradually, step by step, 

 by mining under ground covered by modern Turkish houses and 

 gardens, which he had to buy up. He began near a spot where, many 

 years ago. Professor Donaldson had noticed the remains of a superb 

 Ionic edifice, and where he had himself observed many fragments of 

 Ionic columns, the walls of the fields and the houses around being, for 

 the most part, built of fragments of sculpture and architecture in 

 Parian marble. He soon came upon a portion of the body of a 

 colossal lion built into a modern wall ; and shortly after, on several 

 fragments of frieze in high relief, and many architectural mouldings. 

 Not long after this, he met with the torso of a colossal equestrian 

 figure in an Asiatic dress, and four slabs of the frieze in the finest 

 condition ; after clearing out the site of the building itself, he dis- 



VoL. III. (No. 34.) 2 D 



