386 Mr, Newton on the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. [June 3, 



covered on the north the Peri bolus wall on this side, in an almost 

 perfect state, and beyond it many fragments of statues, which, on 

 being reunited in England, have produced a male and female figure 

 of exquisite workmanship (the former, doubtless, a representation of 

 Mausolus himself, and the latter of a goddess who must have stood 

 near him in the quadriga), together with all the architectural portions 

 required for the determination of the Order, viz. drums of columns, 

 bases, capitals, the two stones of the architrave, the bed-mould of the 

 cornice, and the cornice itself. Besides these, great portions of two 

 colossal horses, unquestionably those of the marble quadriga, executed 

 by Pythis, were discovered, and a number of slabs which there is 

 reason to believe formed the steps of the pyramid, together with 

 portions of the felly, spokes, and the outer rim of one of its wheels. 



By the middle of 1857, Mr. Newton succeeded in tracing out the 

 baselines of the original building (nearly^every fragment of which had 

 been removed by the Knights, or subsequently), and had proved that 

 the area wherein the edifice had stood was a parallelogram, the 

 western side of which was 110 feet long and the southern 126. The 

 whole of this arena was cut out of the native rock, to depths varying 

 from two to sixteen feet below the surface of the surrounding fields. 



Mr. Newton then proceeded to discuss the evidences as to the 

 character of the design of the Mausoleum, as determinable from the 

 fragments he had excavated, and pointed out the difl3culties which 

 had beset earlier inquirers in their attempt to reconstruct the Mauso- 

 leum from the descriptions of the ancients. He remarked, that archi- 

 tects had been prone to imagine corruptions in the texts of the old 

 writers, whenever the numbers given by them did not happen to square 

 with their modern theories ; but, that in this case, a recent collation 

 of the MSS. had shown that there was no important variation in the 

 readings ; that Pliny's smaller dimensions of 63 feet must be taken 

 to be the measurement of the cella of the building ; and that his " totus 

 circuitus " of 411 feet must relate to the entire area occupied by the 

 thirty-six columns which surrounded this cella. Mr. Newton further 

 showed that, by the dimensions aflfbrded by the treads of the steps, this 

 circumference could be shown to be 412 feet, a coincidence of numbers 

 with that given by Pliny too remarkable to be accidental. 



Further elements for calculation were also provided by the happy 

 discovery of the piece of the rim of the chariot wheel ; for, by means 

 of this, it was easy to strike the curve, and to ascertain that the total 

 diameter of the wheel must have been 7 feet 7 inches. The length 

 of the horses was about 10 feet, and the entire length of the platform 

 might thus be easily calculated. In the same way the half-diameter 

 of the wheel combined with that of the statue of Mausolus gave the 

 means of calculating the height of the chariot group. 



*Mr. Newton then went on to show that it might be further calcu- 

 lated from existing remains, that the height of the order was the same 

 as that of the pyramidal portion it supported, and that, therefore, of the 

 1 40 feet of total height, 75 would be occupied by the columns, archi- 



