222 



Varieties. 



palatine operation. For the labial lie re- 

 commends a set of hooks, invented by 

 himself, which draw the under part of the 

 lips together, but which do not go entirely 

 through it, so that the cicatrices of suture 

 are avoided; an adhesive bandage applied 

 to the lips of the wound itself completes 

 the apparatus. 



Railway Bills of 1836. -It appears that 

 35 lailway bills passed ihe legisla- 

 ture during the last session, of which 

 30 are for new lines, the length of 

 which is 994 miles, 1 furlong, 90 yards, 

 and the estimated cost of formation 

 17,595,000/., or at the rate of 17,70(M. 

 per mile ; and the annual expense of 

 working and maintenance 1,571/. per 

 mile. The most expensive lines are the 

 London Grand Junction, the estimated 

 cost of which is 228,57 H. per mile, and 

 the expense of working 15.233J. per mile ; 

 the London and Blackwall Commercial, 

 the estimated cost of which is 183,588/. 

 per mile, and the cost of working 8,523/. 

 per mile; and the Deptford Pier Junction, 

 the estimated cost of which is at tlie rate 

 of 134, 866/. per mile, and the cost of 

 working at the rate of 4.500/, per mile. 

 Of the 30 railways above enumerated, 

 19 have no tunnels, and the remaining 11 

 have 27, the length of which is 11 miles, 

 7 furlongs, 35 yards, or, upon an average, 

 775 yards each. Of these tunnels 5 are 

 upon the Leeds and Derby, of the length 

 of 3,208 yards ; 4 upon the Northern 

 and Eastern, of the length of 1 ,770 yards ; 

 4 upon the South-Eastern, of the length 

 of 5,874 yards ; and 3 upon the Ulster 

 line, of the length of 1,200 yards. The 

 most -objectionable curves are upon the 

 Manchester and Leeds line, of which there 

 are 33 in a distance of 41 miles, 

 and most of them of small radius. The 

 curves upon the other lines are generally 

 favourable. Of these 30 railways 17 have 

 no inclined planes to be worked by assist- 

 ant engines, the remaining 13 have 24 

 planes to be so worked, of which 3 are 

 upon the Manchester and Leeds line : the 

 first is four miles long, and the second 4| 

 miles,]both of them with an inclination of 1 

 in 165 ; the third is 3 miles, 7 furlongs in 

 length, with an inclination of I in 130. 

 The steepest inclined plane is upon the Tre- 

 raoutha Railway, the length of which is 4 

 furlongs 131 yards, with an inclination of 1 

 in 9. The Newcastle and North Shields 

 Railway has a plane 400 yards long, with 

 an indination of 1 in 15|. The Eastern 

 Counties, the Dundee and Arbroath, and 

 the Sheffield and Rotherham lines have es- 

 tablished the best traffic cases ; the former 

 showing a clear profit of 23J per cent, upon 

 the capital employed, the next 20 per 



cent., and the last 18J per cent. Of all 

 the long lines yet projected, the Eastern 

 Counties is the cheapest, and shows the 

 greatest amount of traffic. Railway Ma- 

 gazine. 



Brussels and Antiverp Railway. This 

 undertaking, which has been in operation 

 only a few months, has already met with 

 very great success. The following is an 

 account of the number of travellers who 

 availed themselves of it the first four 

 months of the summer season. In INIay 

 101,000; in June 98,000; in July 112,0 0; 

 in August 1 17,000 ; total 428,000. This 

 result is extraordinary. The number ex- 

 ceeds that of the travellers by the Man- 

 chester and Liverpool Railway, which is 

 upon the average only 80 per train, whilst 

 upon the above it is 200. The average 

 price is 1 fr. per person, and the receipts 

 for the four months in question are more 

 than 430,000 frs., which gives an interest 

 of five per cent, on the capital. 



Education in Prussia. The number of 

 children of age to go to school, i. e. from 

 7 to 14, is generally calculated at three- 

 sevenths of the- total population of child- 

 ren of from one day to 14 years inclusive. 

 This calculation gives in every 100,000, 

 42,857. In the above return the propor- 

 tion of children who enter these public 

 schools is as high as 54,515 in every 

 1 00,000 in Saxony ; 47 ,386 in Westphalia ; 

 upwards of 45,000 in Brandenburg and 

 Silesia; falls below 42,000 in the Pro- 

 vinces of the Rhine, Pomerania, and 

 Prussia ; and in Posen is as low as 22,283. 

 But the average is about 42,404. 



The number of elementary schools in 

 1 831 was2 1 ,789, containing 987,475 boys, 

 and 930,459 girls. The number of burgher 

 schools 481, containing 56,889 boys, 

 and 342 containing 46,59S girls. There 

 were also thirteen great primary ver- 

 nal schools, costing in total expenditure 

 16,583/., of which 13,2607. was paid by 

 grants from the State. The sums annually 

 paid by the Public Treasury for the ele- 

 mentary and burgher schools, throughout 

 Prussia, is about 34,5 - >0/. 



Railroad across the Isthmus of Pa- 

 nama. Colonel Charles Biddle, a citizen 

 of the United States, in conjunction with 

 a few capitalists in this country, have ob- 

 tained the contract for this road, which 

 promises, if completed, to be of immense 

 importance to our commerce and to the 

 whole world. It must become in a few 

 years the highway of the nations to the 

 Pacific Ocean, and will enable our whaling 

 ships to make their return every six 

 months instead of three years, as well as 

 save a dangerous voyage around Cape 

 Horn. -American Paper. 



