MR MILNE ON THE GEOLOGY OF ROXBURGHSHIRE. 443 



The following is a section of the strata at the Carter Lime- Works, as given 

 to me by the overseer there. 



Ft. In. 



Limestone, ...... 18 



Sandstone in two or three beds (of unknown thickness), 



Shale, (Do.) 



Coal-seam, ...... 14 



Various beds of shale and sandstone, about . 600 



Limestone (now worked), .... 14 



Shale, sometimes containing a thin coal-seam, . 30 



Limestone, ...... 30 



Beds of shale and sandstone, . . . 14 



Limestone, ...... 20 



Sandstone and thin beds of limestone, . . ? 



The coal-seam mentioned in the preceding section, is now worked near the 

 Carter Lime- Works. On one of the coal-pits there, I found a slab of sandstone 

 covered with marine fossil shells, such as spirifer, productus, &c. The same seam 

 was formerly worked at Kerryburn, not far to the west. It was about 12 or 14 

 inches thick. 



As the connection between the Liddesdale and the Berwick coal-fields is, for 

 several reasons, important to be determined, I may here mention the places 

 nearest to the border, where coal-seams are or have been worked. At Lewisburn 

 in Northumberland, there are two seams, one said to be 1 ft. 5 in., and the other 

 2 ft. 2 in. thick, separated by C fathoms of shale, sandstone, and thin beds of lime- 

 stone. Over these coal-seams, at a distance of about 10 or 12 fathoms, there is 

 a thick bed of limestone, which crops out near Keildor Castle. At Plashets (still 

 farther east) there is a seam said to be 6 feet thick. At Blackhope there are two 

 seams, one 4 feet, and the other 2 feet thick, each having a stone in the middle. 

 At Whitelee, about a mile to the east of the Carter Lime- Works, there is a bed 

 of limestone 6 feet thick, which lies 17 or 18 fathoms above the Carter coal. Be- 

 tween this limestone bed and another of equal thickness which crops out at Ruken, 

 there are two coal-seams, the one 2 feet, and the other 3 feet thick. This last- 

 mentioned limestone is about 50 fathoms above these seams. 



The coal-seams now described continue eastwards by Rothbury, Eglingham, 

 Chillingham, and Doddington, to Belford and Berwick. 



In confirmation of the opinion, that the same set of rocks extends from the 

 east coast of Northumberland to the neighbourhood of Liddesdale, two other facts 

 may be mentioned. The limestone beds which crop out at Falstone (fifteen miles 

 south of the Carter) run eastward, parallel with the coal-seams. One of these 

 limestone beds at Falstone contains galena, and to such an extent that it was 

 once worked.* Between Belford and North Sunderland there is a limestone bed 



* At Roanfells, on the north, side of Liddesdale, a quantity of lead was found, and a company was 

 formed to work it. In ancient times some metal must have been smelted there, as heaps of slag and 

 cinders are met with on the muirs. 



