464 MR MILNE ON THE GEOLOGY OF ROXBURGHSHIRE. 



disposed in nearly horizontal layers. Among the gravel, I observed pebbles of 

 red and grey granite, as well as fragments of sandstone, shale, and coal. 



Another set of ridges of the same kind occurs about 1^ mile north of Kelso, on 

 the road to Stitchell. Their sides are steeper than the one just described, but they 

 are not so high, and do not form for such a distance an unbroken line. A small 

 stream runs along one side of the longest of these ridges. There are several other 

 ridges of gravel in this neighbourhood, which have given the names of Kaim- 

 know and Kaimflat to farm-houses near them. Several pits have been opened in 

 them, for the sand and fine gravel contained in them, disposed in horizontal beds, 

 some of which are about 15 feet long. 



A similar ridge of gravel, about 50 or 60 feet high, occurs between Ormiston 

 and Eckford, on south side of Teviot, running nearly half a mile in a west- 

 north-west direction, and nearly parallel with the Teviot in this part of its course. 

 There is another to be seen on the south side of Jedburgh. 



In the neighbourhood of Galashiels, there are a number of knolls and ridges, 

 which have by some persons been represented as the remains of glacial detritus. 

 Within the policy of Gala House, there are several of both kinds pretty distinct, 

 though on no great scale. Mr KEMP, in a written account of them which he sent 

 to me, says, " there is a quarry in one of the largest, which shews it to be com- 

 posed, at that part, of well rolled coarse gravel, mixed with much sand, but not 

 at all stratified." I visited these knolls, but unfortunately did not see the quarry 

 which is here alluded to. I remarked, that more than one rivulet was running 

 along or near the base of these gravelly knolls and ridges. 



Besides these knolls and ridges in Gala park, there are others, no less re- 

 markable, lower down the valley. One of them, about half a mile east of Gala- 

 shiels, is at right angles to the course of the valley, and runs for about 200 yards. 

 It has already been designated the terminal moraine of the Gala (/lacier ! There 

 is another still longer, situated immediately to the north of Langlee House, where 

 Captain RUSSELL ELLIOT resides. It runs parallel to the valley, and has been dig- 

 nified with the title of a lateral moraine. Mr KEMP, in an account of the first of 

 these ridges, published by Mr BOWMAN in the London and Edinburgh Philosophi- 

 cal Magazine,* in reference to its internal structure, says that the greater part 

 " is composed of clay and boulders, many of which are quite sharp and angular, 

 but the greater portion are rather well rounded : and what perhaps is worthy of 

 notice, the top, for about 25 feet down, is composed of unstratified gravel and 

 coarse sand." In describing the ridge north of Langlee, Mr KEMP, in a written 

 account which he has sent to me, says that it " contains several beds of sand dis- 

 tinctly stratified, and flanked upon each side with gravel." 



Whether these accumulations of sand and gravel are really the remains of 

 glaciers, will be considered in the second part of this Memoir. 



* Vol. xvii. p. 339. 



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