MR MILNE ON THE GEOLOGY OF ROXBURGHSHIRE. 



Of course, also, if the sea stood at the height of these upper limits of the red 

 sandstone formation, it may be expected that, even in places where that forma- 

 tion was not deposited, some marks should also have been made, and should still be 

 visible on the hill-sides. The marks there may not be so distinct, for very obvious 

 reasons ; but still there should have been some abrasion of the greywacke and por- 

 phyritic hills, similar to what occurs in Glenroy. Mr KEMP will say that such 

 marks do exist in the neighbourhood of Galashiels ; and I by no means deny this. 

 On the contrary, it appeared to me, when visiting the locality in company with 

 Mr KEMP, that on Galashiels Hill, Buckholm Hill, Williarnlaw, Meigle Hill, and 

 Appletreeleaves Hill, there are marks of shelves, which are on nearly, if not ex- 

 actly, the same level with the upper limits of the red sandstone formation. 



On the whole, therefore, I am strongly disposed to think, that there yet re- 

 main, on the hill-sides of Roxburghshire, visible marks of the sea having stood at 

 a level 1100 or 1200 feet higher than at present, and of its having continued at 

 that level for a very long period. But I see no sufficient evidence of any lower 

 levels at which the sea was stationary before reaching its existing level. 



PART II. 



Having, in the preceding parts of this Memoir, described the leading geolo- 

 gical features of the county of Roxburgh, I shall now advert to the inferences, 

 of a cosmological character, which these facts seem to authorize or render probable. 



1. The first indication of important changes is afforded by the greywacke 

 strata, which, after being, like other sedimentary rocks, deposited horizontally, 

 or nearly so, have been, as if by lateral pressure, pressed and squeezed together, 

 so as to become vertical, with numerous foldings upwards and downwards, in 

 alternating order. In consequence of having been thus compressed, they have 

 formed valleys and ridges, or chains of hills, all running in the same direction, 

 and which direction throughout the whole extent of the greywacke formation is, 

 with few exceptions, east and west by compass. 



Now, it can scarcely be doubted, that these effects have been produced by 

 the operation of some force or forces of vast extent, and which could not, in its 

 operation, have been confined to this particular district. The greywacke rocks 

 of Roxburghshire form only part of the range which runs through Berwickshire 

 to St Abb's Head, and through Dumfriesshire and Kirkcudbrightshire to the Irish 

 Sea, a range everywhere characterised by ranges and valleys, running east and 

 west, and by a corresponding strike of the individual beds. It is well known that 

 the greywacke and clay-slate system of Cumberland, as well as that of Perth- 

 shire, present characters precisely similar. 



These greywacke strata of Roxburghshire were, therefore, in all probability, 



