Collated with parallel Passages of the Hebrew Scriptures. 29 



The prophet threatens the Andrapodist with being hhlled, or losing cast. 

 Hanno imprecates against him the same doom in the same form of expression. 

 The prophet denounces ignominy and capital punishment by demersion. Hanno 

 the same in the same words. 



The quotation from Isaiah, xliii. " I will ''hu, ' hhll,' desecrate, and give 

 to the Qin, ' hhrem,' curse, or anathema," would imply that the desecration 

 and anathema bore such a relation to each other that the one was inchoative, and 

 the other consequent, or that the former eventuated in the latter ; the beginning 

 being desecration and exclusion, and the ending excision. In accordance with 

 this notion, the word hhll, as well as hhrein, is very frequently followed by the 

 particleyrom. Now as Hanno's expression runs, " whom may they hhlel him 

 from the Alonim," so Ezekiel's denunciation is, " I will hhlel thee from the 

 Elohim ;" with which agree the well-known words of St. Paul in the ninth 

 chapter of the Romans, " accursedy7'om Christ." Moreover as the hhVl implies 

 maJcing a)i object of abomination, so the curse hhrem, or anathema, is by some 

 translators rendered ad internecionem to destruction, and that again being 

 coupled with reproach, execration, ignominy, — " I will Mill, and give to de- 

 struction and ignominy ;" implies the dooming to violent and ignominious death ; 

 equivalent to Ezekiel's denunciation against the Andrapodist, (Ezek. xxviii. 

 7, 8.) " They shall hhlel thee, and they shall sink thee in the abyss, and thou 

 shalt die the death of a hhlel, or reprobate, in the sea." Now this doom begin- 

 ning with execration, and consummated by sinking in the sea, was precisely the 

 peripsema, or immolation by demersion, so prevalent among the natives of an- 

 tiquity, and particularly amongst the Phoenicians and Carthaginians.* 



In the observations upon the word %yr, we considered the feelings and cir- 

 cumstances which dictated Hanno's imprecation. The observations above made, 

 coupled with the following extracts, will suggest what the prevailing notions 

 were which dictated its particular form and phraseology. 



"Eo errore turn omnes fere nationes erant imbutae ut in calamitatibus aliquis 



* To tliis usage the Biblical scholar is aware St. Paul is supposed to allude in the fourth chapter 

 of the first Epistle to the Corinthians. May there not also be allusion to the supposed efficacy 

 of the Lustration sacrifice by immersion, in that passage of Micah, vii. 19. — " Thou wilt cast all their 

 sins into the depth of the sea." 



