used hy the Ancient Egyptians. 193 



I will now conclude this paper, which has much exceeded the limits that I at 

 first contemplated. I entertain a confident hope that, if attentively considered, 

 it will be found to establish some important points of chronology, and to establish 

 them in perfect consistency with divine revelation. 



title " Lord of the Worlds," prefixed to the first shield, while the title " Lord of Achth" precedes 

 the shield which contains the phonetic name. I am not satisfied as to the meaning of this title ; but 

 the name N£^a;^3oj, given by Diodorus to the father of Bocchoris, seems to be the expression of it 

 in Greek characters. 



In Manetho's list of the eighteenth dynasty, as handed down to us by Josephus and others, the 

 name of Mephres immediately succeeds that of Amessis, i. e. Amenset, the sister of the first 

 Amenoph. Rosellini supposes the sister of Amenoph to be the queen of the Karnak obelisks, and 

 makes Mephres her son. Not having access to his work, I cannot say on what evidence he assumes 

 this relationship to have existed between that queen and Mephres ; but it is certain that Thothmos III. 

 was brother, and not son, to the queen of the Museum statue ; so that, if he were son to the queen 

 of the Karnak obelisks, there must have been two queens regnant, his mother and his sister. How- 

 ever this may be, I feel quite satisfied that Queen Amenset, the sister of Amenoph I., was a distinct 

 person from the queen who erected the Karnak obelisks. — I cannot venture to write down her 

 name. I am inclined to think that three names are wanting in our copies of Manetho's Ust of sove- 

 reigns, answering to Thothmos I., Thothmos II., and Queen Amen — {?). We know that there is 

 a deficiency of sixty years in some part of Manetho's list ; for the total duration of the dynasty is 

 distinctly stated by Josephus, more than once, to have been 393 years ; while the sum of the reigns 

 in the present copies of his list is only 333 years. Three reigns might well comprehend the sixty 

 years that are deficient ; and a copyist, having before him two queens' names beginning alike, might 

 by an easy mistake place after the former of them the successor of the latter, omitting the second 

 queen and the intervening kings. As for Mr. Wilkinson's hypothesis respecting Thothmos III., I 

 consider it to be completely overturned by the fact, of which he does not appear to be aware, that his 

 sister shared the government with him, or rather held it almost exclusively, in the early part of his 

 reign. It has been also refuted on independent grounds, in a very satisfactory manner, by the author 

 of the papers on the Pyramids in Eraser's Magazine. 



The instances in which the Egyptian throne was filled by joint sovereigns, are already known to 

 be pretty numerous ; and further researches will doubtless augment their number. Amenoph III. 

 had a brother, who for a time shared the government with him. Queen Taosre, who reigned in the 

 interval between Rameses II. and Rameses III., had a brother, as well as a husband, for her partner 

 in the throne. And I would suggest to the students of Egyptian literature, as well worthy of 

 inquiry, whether the three sons of Rameses III. were noi joint sovereigns ; nay, whether all the 

 other kings of that name, whose tombs are in the valley of the kings at Thebes, but of whose 

 existence there seem to be no other monuments, were not the immediate descendants of these three 

 kings, reigning cotemporaneously, and not in succession. 



2b2 



