Varieties* 



[JAN. 



instrument, exceeds that of diamond, is 

 one-half greater than that of wkinstone, 

 and is of course more than seven times 

 heavier than has usually been supposed. 

 Mahogany has usually been estimated at 

 1 '36 ; but mahogany sa\v-dust proves by 

 the instrument to be 1 68. Wheat flour is 

 1 '3(> ; pounded sugar 1 '83 ; and common 

 salt 2*15 : the latter agrees very accurately 

 with the common estimate. Writing-paper 

 rolled hard by the hand had a specific gra- 

 vity of 1 *78, the solid matter present being 

 less than one-third of the space it appa- 

 rently filled. One of the most remarkable 

 results was with an apparently very light 

 specimen of volcanic ashes, which was 

 found to have a specific gravity of 4*4 : 

 these results are, however, given as ap- 

 proximations merely by the first instrument 

 constructed. 



So that for a population of about thirty- 

 six millions, there are in Germany twenty- 

 two universities, six belonging to Prussia, 

 three to Bavaria, two to the Austrian states, 

 two to the Grand Duchy of Baden, two to 

 the Electorate of Hesse Cassel, and one to 

 each of the following states Saxony, Wir- 

 temburg, Denmark, Hanover, the Great 

 Duchies of Mecklenburg Schwerin and 

 Saxe-\Veimar and Switzerland. 



Among the professors are enumerated 

 not only the ordinary and extraordinary 

 ones, but also the private masters, whose 

 courses are announced in the weekly pro- 

 grammes. Popish Germany, containing 

 about nineteen millions of inhabitants, pos- 

 sesses only MX universities; while Protes- 

 tant Germany, for seventeen millions of in- 

 habitants, has no less than seventeen : it 

 hiss thus been calculated, that the pronor- 



* The King of Bavaria has ordered this university 

 to be transferred to Munich, a capital which offers 

 many more resource's for instruction than the small 

 town of Lan:isViut. 



tion of studonta is 149 to 250,000 inhabi- 

 tants, in the Protestant parts of the country, 

 and only sixty-eight to the same number in 

 the Popish states. But it should be stated, 

 that no mention is here made of the Popish 

 ecclesiastics who study not in the univer- 

 sities, but in seminaries. Many other cities 

 formerly possessed universities established 

 and suppressed as follows : 



Those of Paderborn and of Munster both 

 belonging to Prussia, each of which had 

 only two faculties, those of theology and 

 philosophy have been suppressed, the first 

 in 1818, the second in 1819; but that of 

 Munster was re-established last year, with 

 the three faculties of theology, philosophy, 

 and medicine. 



Antiquities. A work, written in the 

 fourteenth century by a nun of the convent 

 of Gunsthersthal, fell a short time since 

 into the hands of Dr. Schreiber, a German 

 antiquarian of much celebrity. In this 

 book, designed only as a complete catalogue 

 of the revenues of the convent, were nume- 

 rous remarks, &c. of the highest importance 

 to history and archaeology ; with one branch 

 of the objects thus pointed out, Dr. S. has 

 been particularly occupied it concerns the 

 Hiinengroeber, or ancient tombs. 'Many 

 rents were specified as arising from lands in 

 the neighbourhood of these monuments. 

 Now it was known that there were many of 

 them in the north of Germany, but none 

 had as yet been discovered in Fribourg nor 

 the southern provinces. Mr. Schreiber's 

 first researches were fruitless : what in tho 

 fourteenth century was a common direction, 

 could no longer be followed ; but at length, 

 at Elringen, on a piece of ground belonging 

 to an ancient family, which had been pointed 

 out as appertaining to the convent, a plough 

 struck upon some tombs, the objects of the 

 Doctor's inquiry. They occupy a space of 

 362 paces in circumference, and there are 

 more than forty rows of burying-places. Jt 

 is evident that formerly there rose above the 

 ground some monuments which showed 

 their exact situation. The number of 

 tombs examined was 106 (of which forty- 

 five were of men, forty-four womeTi, and 

 seventeen children), and it is presumed 

 there are about as many more. They con- 

 tained neither inscriptions nor any vestige 



Re-united to that of Landshut 5n li!03. 

 t Uo-unitod to that of Halle in 18KJ. 



