660 



List of Patents. 



[JUNE, 



position or substance, which may be maau- 

 lectured or moulded either into bricks or into 

 blocks of any form for building, and also 

 manufactured and moulded to, and made ap- 

 plicable for, all internal and external orna- 

 mental architectural purposes, and for va- 

 rious other purposes 5th May ; 2 months. 



To David Bentley, of Eccles, Lancaster, 

 bleacher, for an improved carriage wheel 

 8th May; 6 months. 



To Thomas Patrick Goggin, of Wadwortb, 

 near Doncaster, fora new or improved ma- 

 chine for dibbling grain of every description 

 19th May; 2 months. 



List of Patents, which) having been granted 



in June 1813, expire in the present 



month of June 1827. 



5. Charles Wyatt, London, for his method 

 of facing brick and other buildings with 

 stone. 



Richard Witty, Kingston-upon-Hull, 



for additional improvements in steam-en- 

 gines, and in tools for making them. 



1,5. William Cooke, Greenwich, for im- 

 provements in the art of making and work- 

 ing ploughs. 



26. Charles Goodwin, London, for an im- 

 praved self-adjusting socket for candlesticks, 

 ivith a self -extinguisher. 



29. Thomas Todd, Bristol, for his im- 

 proved machine for separating corn, grain, 

 and seeds from the straws. 



John Curr, Sheffield, York, for his 

 method of applying flat ropes to perpendi- 

 cular drun-shafts of steam-engines, thereby 

 preserving them from injury. 



James Penny, of Low Nuttiwaite, and 

 Joseph Kendall, of Cocker's-hall, Lanca- 

 shire, for an improved method of making 

 pill and other small boxes. 



Charles Wilks, Ballincolly, Cork, for 

 improved naves of wheels for carriages, and 

 centres of wheels for carriages, and ma- 

 chinery. 



BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT PERSONS. 



FREDERICK AUGUSTUS KING OF SAXONY. 



Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony, el- 

 dest son of Frederick Christian, Elector of 

 Saxony, was born on the 23d of December, 

 1750. At the age of thirteen he succeeded 

 his father, as elector ; the administration 

 being intrusted, during his minority, to his 

 eldest uncle, Prince Xavier. In 1768, when 

 he assumed the government, Saxony was 

 still suffering from the consequences of the 

 seven years war; but, under the rule of the 

 young prince, directed by his minister, Gut- 

 schmidt, it soon attained a comparatively 

 flourishing state. In the course of a few 

 days, bank paper, which had been greatly 

 depreciated, rose above its nominal value. 



In 1769, Frederick Augustus married Mary 

 Amelia Augusta, sister of the elector, after- 

 wards King of Bavaria. The only offspring 

 of the marriage was one daughter, Mary 

 Augusta, born in 1782, and married in 1819, 

 to Ferdinand VII. King of Spain. 



In the early part of Frederick's electoral 

 reign the ancient Saxon code, notorious for 

 its severity in criminal cases, was greatly me- 

 liorated, and the torture was abolished. In 

 1776, a plot was formed against the elector's 

 person ; but, through the information of the 

 King of Prussia, it was discovered in time to 

 prevent mischief, and Colonel Agnolo, a 

 Transalpine, the chief conspirator, was ar- 

 rested. The electress dowager, dissatisfied 

 with her political nullity in the state, was 

 supposed to be implicated in this affair. The 

 sincere attachment to the elector, at this 

 period, evinced by Marcolini, an Italian, be- 

 longing to the household, subsequently pro- 

 cured for him the rank of minister. 



Maximilian, elector of Bavaria, the last 

 male branch of his house, died, in 1777. The 

 nearest heir to his personal property was the 

 mother of the elector of Saxony ; and, to en- 



force his claims, as her representative, that 

 prince allied himself with Frederick Il.-of 

 Prussia, in opposition to Austria, which, after 

 a brief contest, withdrew her claim,and Frede- 

 rick of Saxony became possessed of half a 

 million sterling of the personal effects of the 

 deceased elector. 



By locality of situation, as well as by po- 

 litical connexion, the elector of Saxony was 

 induced to join with Prussia to watch, if not 

 to overawe Austria. He was also one of the 

 first to accede to the alliance of princes, pro- 

 jected by the king of Prussia, ostensibly to 

 support the neutrality of the secondary states 

 of the empire, but virtually to operate against 

 the schemes of Austria. 



In 1791, Frederick of Saxony magnani- 

 mously declined the offer of the crown of 

 Poland, proffered to him in the name of the 

 Polish nation. In the same year, the memo- 

 rable conferences, between the emperor Leo- 

 pold and the king of Prussia, were held at 

 Pilnitz, one of Frederick's country houses.The 

 elector of Saxony was unable to avert the pro- 

 jected war against France ; but he entered into 

 the coalition against that power with great 

 reluctance. In the ensuing year, when the 

 French troops invaded the Netherlands, and 

 the districts on the Lower Rhine, he was com- 

 pelled to furnish, for his own protection, as a 

 prince of the empire, his contingent of troops 

 to the general army. For four years he ad- 

 hered to the allies ; but when, after the treaty 

 of Basil, between Prussia and France, the 

 French General Jourdan in 1796, penetrated 

 fnto Franconia, he proposed an armistice, 

 and acted on the principle of neutrality. 

 During the congress of Rastadt, from 1797 

 to 1799, he exerted himself to the utmost to 

 preserve the integrity of the empire. In the 

 contest between France and Austria, in 1805, 

 he remained neutral ; but, from his con- 



