Natural History, 471 



(some of the specimens containing garnets, others tourmalin) 

 were found ; and veins of quartz and mica, and of quartz and 

 hornblende, were observed in the specimens which have been 

 transmitted. 



The mean height of the Sutlej, near to its confluence with the 

 Bespa, is 6,300 feet. The rocks which here form its banks, 

 are inclined at an angle of 25°— 30°, and dip eastward ; they 

 consist of granite, gneiss, quartz-rock, granular quartz and 

 mica, and granite with hornblende. Between this spot and Rispe, 

 from 6,500 to 9,800 feet above the level of the sea, the rocks 

 are chiefly formed of a whitish crumbling granite. The Cailasor 

 Raldang mountains on the south, an assemblage of pointed 

 peaks covered with snow, and more than 20,000 feet in height, 

 are to all appearance coveted with the same kind of rock. 



Overhanging the town of Marang is a mountain of clay slate ; 

 upon it, at an elevation of 12,000 feet, heath, juniper, and 

 gooseberry-bushes were growing. In advancing to the Tun- 

 grang Pass, which is 13,740 feet above the sea, rocks formed 

 chiefly of compact quartz with chlorite were observed. The 

 pass itself exhibited clay slate, with pyrites and globular mica. 

 A few miles further on, granite, gneiss, mica slate, cyanite* 

 quartz and mica, actinolite and quartz with garnet, pyrites in 

 quartz, a bluish grey lime-stone with white veins, and calcareous 

 tufa were found. Here the strata, according to Lieutenant 

 Gerard's observation, run N.W. and S.E., and dip to the N.E. at 

 an angle of 40° or 45°. 



In the neighbourhood of Namptii-sango the bed of the Sutlej 

 is 8,220 feet above the sea, and consists of only two sorts of 

 rock, viz.y mica slate and granular quartz, with imperfectly 

 crystallized hornblende. At its confluence with the Li river^ 

 the banks are composed of granite. On ascending the latter 

 stream the banks were found to exhibit specimens of slate, 

 potters' clay, marl or loam, sand, and stalactitical carbonate 

 of lime. Higher up the same river, and in the vicinity of 

 Chango, where the bed is not less than 9,900 feet above the 

 sea, primitive lime-stone (blue and likewise grey and white,) 

 with disseminated pyrites was found; also mica slate with 



