$88 Captain Gerard on the Climate and Agriculture 



hood almost every tree, shrub, and plant, indigenous to Eu- 

 rope, besides a variety of others unknown. * 



The vegetable produetions are much the same as those of 

 Soobathoo. The following may be mentioned as the chief. 

 Several kinds of rice, mostly of the coarser sort ; jow, or bar- 

 ley ; coua jou, (Hordeum cceleste ;) kunuk, or wheat ; phup- 

 hura, or phuphur, (Panicum tartaricum ;) cogul, (Panicum 

 emarginatum ;) chuberee, or jaburee, the grain of which dif- 

 fers little in appearance from that of the phuphur and cogul ; 

 opium in considerable quantities for export trade ; three spe- 

 cies of bathoo, (Amaranthus anardhana,) red, black, and 

 white ; kuchalloo, or pinalloo, (Jerusalem artichoke) ; various 

 kinds of pulse ; a small quantity of coarse tobacco ; a small 

 quantity of cotton and ginger on the banks of the Sutliij and 

 other rivers ; Indian corn in a limited quantity ; koungee, 

 cheena, (Panicum miliaceum ,-) and murwa or koda, (Pas- 

 palum scrobiculatum *f\) 



The principal fruits are apricots, peaches, cherries, small 

 and very acid ; apples, pears, a few grapes, mulberries ; by- 

 mee, or bymbee, a hardy species of apricot or peach, the stone 

 of which much resembles that of the common apricot, which 

 is very abundant throughout the hills ; filberts, hazel-nuts, 

 horse-chestnuts, several kinds of black raspberries, strawberries, 

 with a great variety of other fruits, the indigenous productions 

 of the country. 



In the interior of the hills oats grow spontaneously among 

 the wheat and barley fields ; but the grain of it is so small 

 that the natives make no use of it, and seem to be entirely 

 ignorant that it is an excellent and nourishing food for cattle. 



Two hardy species of rice are cultivated in elevated situa- 

 tions, assisted by irrigation. The crops of both are exposed 

 to occasional falls of snow, which they sustain apparently with- 



* Among these is a species of small rod bamboo, which attains to the 

 height of eight or twelve feet, growing all over the higher mountains. It 

 is used for a variety of domestic purposes; and if introduced into Britain, 

 might prove a valuable acquisition to the peasantry, to gardeners, and to 

 many other classes of the community. 



+ Cogul, phuphura, jaburee, and pinpalloo, are more peculiar to the in- 

 terior of the mountains, where they thrive much better than in the lower 

 hills. 



