•Anions, Cations, and Electro-chemical Equivalents, 429 



intimate relation of ordinary chemical affinity to electrical ac* 

 tions, and identifying the two, not to the imagination merely, 

 but to the conviction of' the senses and a sound judgement, 

 I may be allowed to express a hope, that the endeavour will 

 always be to make it a table of real, and not hypothetical, 

 electro-chemical equivalents; for we shall else overrun the 

 facts, and lose all sight and consciousness of the knowledge 

 lying directly in our path. 



846. The equivalent numbers do not profess to be exact, 

 and are taken almost entirely from the chemical results of 

 other philosophers in whom I could repose more confidence, 

 as to these points, than in myself. 



847. Table of Ions. 

 Anions. 



Oxygen 8 



Chlorine 355 



Iodine 126 



Bromine 783 



Fluorine 187 



Cyanogen 26 



Sulphuric acid... 40 



Hydrogen 1 



Potassium 39-2 



Sodium 23-3 



Lithium 10 



Barium 68*7 



Strontium 43*8 



Calcium 20-5 



Magnesium 12-7 



Manganese .... 27*7 



Zinc 32-5 



Tin 57-9 



Lead 103-5 



Iron 28 



Selenic acid 64 



Nitric acid 54 



Chloric acid 75*5 



Phosphoric acid 35 - 7 



Carbonic acid... 22 



Boracic acid 24 



Acetic acid 51 



Cations. 



Copper 31-6 



Cadmium 55-8 



Cerium 46 



Cobalt 2.9-5 



Nickel 29-5 



Antimony 64-6? 



Bismuth 71 



Mercury 200 



Silver 108 



Platina 98'6? 



Gold (?) 



Tartaric acid 66 



Citric acid 58 



Oxalic acid 36 



Sulphur (?) 16 



Selenium (?) .... 

 Sulpho-cyanogen 



Ammonia 17 



Potassa 47-2 



Soda 31-3 



Lithia 18 



Baryta 76-7 



Strontia 51-8 



Lime 28*5 



Magnesia 20-7 



Alumina (?) 



Protoxides generally. 



Quinia 171*6 



Cinchona 160 



Morphia 290 



Vegeto-alkalies generally. 



848. This Table might be further arranged into groups of 

 such substances as either act with, or replace, each other. 

 Thus, for instance, acids and bases act in relation to each 

 other; but they do not act in association with oxygen, hydro- 

 gen, or elementary substances. There is indeed little or no 

 doubt that, when the electrical relations of the particles of 

 matter come to be closely examined, this division must be 

 made. The simple substances, with cyanogen, sulpho-cyano- 

 gen, and one or two other compound bodies, will probably 

 form the first group; and the acids and bases, with such 

 analogous compounds as may prove to be ions, the second 

 group. Whether these will include all ions, or whether a 



