364 INSECTA. 



ring is square, and does not project from the body. There are no 

 mammillae on the eighth ; and the last is terminated by two conical 

 appendages, exclusive of a membranous tube formed by the prolon- 

 gation of that part of the body which contains the anus. These 

 appendages, in the larvae of Calosoma and Carabus, are horny and 

 dentated. In those of Harpalus and Licinus, they are fleshy, arti- 

 culated and longer. The body of the larva of a Harpalus is some- 

 what shorter, and the head a little larger. The mandibles of both 

 approach the form of those of the perfect Insect. The larva of the 

 Omophron borde, according to the observations of Desmarest, has a 

 conical form, a large head, with two very stout mandibles, and but 

 two eyes ; the posterior extremity of the body, which is somewhat 

 narro\ved, terminates by a quadri-articulated appendage. I could find 

 but two in that of the larvae of Licinus and Harpalus. 



In this family, we always observe a first, short and fleshy stomach ; 

 a second, elongated, and, from the number of small vessels with which 

 it is covered externally, apparently hairy ; and a short and slender 

 intestine. The hepatic vessels, four in number, are inserted near the 

 pylorus. 



Some are aquatic, others terrestrial. 



The latter have legs exclusively adapted for running, the four pos- 

 terior of which are inserted at equal distances ; mandibles completely 

 exposed ; the terminal piece of the maxillae straight inferiorly, and 

 only curved at its extremity ; and most frequently an oblong body 

 with projecting eyes. All their tracheae are tubular or elastic. Their 

 intestine terminates in a widened cloaca, furnished with two small 

 sacs, which separate an acrid humour *. 



* M. Leon Dufour, Ann. des Sc. Nat., VIII, p. 36, gives the following resumd of 

 the anatomical characters of the Insects of this division : 



" The Carabici are hunters and carnivorous. The length of their alimentary canal 

 is not more than twice that of the body. The oesophagus is short ; it is followed by 

 a musculo-membranous, very dilatable, well-developed crop ; then comes an oval or 

 rounded gizzard with cellular and elastic parietes, armed internally with moveable 

 horny appendages fitted for grinding, and furnished with a valve at each orifice. The 

 rhiliftc ventricle which succeeds to it is of a soft expansile texture, always studded 

 with larger or smaller papilla?, and narrowed behind. The small intestine is short. 

 The caecum has the form of a crop. The rectum is short in both sexes. The hepatic 

 vessels, but two in number, describe various arcs in their flexures, and are implanted 

 by four separate insertions, around the termination of the chylific ventricle. The 

 testes are (each formed by the agglomerated circumvolutions of a single spermatic ves- 

 sel, sometimes almost naked, and at others invested by an adipose layer, a sort of 

 tunica vaginalis. The vasa deferentia are often folded into an epididymus. The vesi- 

 culce seminales, only two in number, are filiform. The duclus jaculans is short, the 

 penis slender and elongated, and the copulating armature more or less complicated. 

 The ovaries have but from seven to twelve ovigerous sheaths to each, multilocular, 

 and united in a single conoid fasciculus. The oviduct is short. The sebaceous gland 

 is composed of a secreting vessel, sometimes filiform, and at others enlarged at the 



