Silo Prof. Schow on the supposed changes in the 



was, according to Theophrastus, only with difficulty that Har- 

 palus could bring the lime and box-tree to grow at L'abylon, 

 but the ivy would not grow there at all. 



Among the products of Arabia, myrrh and balm are men- 

 tioned, which still grow there. Although some speak of 

 cinnamon as a product of Arabia, yet Herodotus says the 

 Arabs do not know where it grows, but some are of opinion 

 that it comes from the land of lacchus (India.) At present 

 it does not grow in Arabia. 



We liave a number of facts that allow us to form an opi- 

 nion what the climate of Italy and Greece has been, and as 

 both have almost the same climate and vegetation, they will be 

 treated under one head. There is in the present time a great 

 and general difference between the vegetation of those parts 

 of Europe that lie to the South of the Pyrennees, the Alps, and 

 the Greek mountains, and those to the north of them. That 

 part of France, however, which is adjacent to the Mediterra- 

 nean belongs to the first division. In this case there is not 

 a question about some new species, but about several thou- 

 sands of plants which are not found in the North of Europe, 

 and on that account our author has thought himself entitled 

 to treat the South of Europe as a system of vegetation quite 

 different from the North of that continent, an idea which he 

 has further explained in the map to his geography of plants. 

 Since the limit between the northern and southern vegetation 

 is very sharp and distinct, except in the plains of Lombardy, 

 where both forms are mixed, a comparison between the present 

 plants and those mentioned by the ancient authors will furnish 

 dataenough for the determination of the climate. Theophrastus, 

 Dioscorides, and Phny speak of a number of trees and shrubs, 

 such as the different evergreen oaks, which are wanting in the 

 North of Europe. Quercus Suher, Ascalus coccifera, Agelops, 

 the bay and myrtle tree are repeatedly mentioned, and these 

 bear only with great difficulty a climate colder than that of 

 Italy and Greece is at present. There occur besides Pistacia 

 lentiscus, Erica arborea, Ficus Carica, Arbutus unedo, 

 Nerium oleander. Viburnum tinus, the species of Phillyreay 

 Rhu^ cotinu^, Juniperus sabina, J. Oxycedrus, J. Lycia, 

 Mespilus pyra^antha ; to which might be added the Pinus 



