1 34 Dr. J. Stenhouse on the Action of Chlorine 



*<(5;)!«. 0*393 silver salt gave 44^9 CO^ and 0'064 HQ* . 



vifc' 0'6025 gave 0-268 Ag Ck , jfiiii io jJiioljiooq/fi lo JbiIj oi 

 Found. . -.iu k, j..ivFoiittufeiiof'silv«r^lt with"lit;cHorioaa 

 C. . 31*16 ' Io iusj gfjoi 14 at. Carbon 1050- 31*&7n 

 H. '. (IrSO JnoDBXif jsnl. oi4v.. Hydrogen 50* TSl 



AgO i '43*!14>n aimxijuiio u^il u. Chlorine. 442-6 13'43 

 il^uoiia... Oxygen. 300*0 9*13 

 HoMiDdlki.. AgO > 145.1*6 44*06 

 :b 9 f It 'to noiJO) jil43i94/2/i 100*00 

 icpi 'ii biaB oioxuyd mh to naj^oslj/n 

 .jwfiBlgb vbR'JliB 



CI & O 23*90 jotl u 



100 '00 '•i 'i- 

 Corresponding very nearly 

 with the silver salt with one 

 equivalent of chlorine. 



The first portion of the acid analysed was treated for a short 

 time only with a comparatively small quantity of hypochlorite 

 of lime; it resembled benzoic acid, and differed very consider- 

 ably in its properties from the other portions of acid above 

 described. In fact, as is evident from the results of its ana- 

 lysis, it was nearly pure benzoic acid, and contained scarcely 

 a trace of chlorine, as I ascertained by direct experiment. 

 The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th portions of acid had been repeat- 

 edly treated with large quantities of hypochlorite of lime and 

 muriatic acid, some of them five and six times successively; 

 and their analysis showed that their carbon, hydrogen and 

 oxygen had diminished, and the amount of chlorine they con*-/; 

 tained increased in a corresponding proportion, thus forming 

 a series of chlorinated acids in which one and two atoms of 

 hydrogen are replaceil by similar equivalents of chlorine. It 

 is evident, as has been already observed, that the acid, the 

 analysis of which stands first in order, is almost pure benzoic 

 acid, the hydrogen of which has been scarcely at all attacked 

 by the chlorine. The action of chlorine on cinnamic acid, 

 therefore, is undoubtedly at first confined to converting it into 

 the oily chlorine compound so often mentioned, and into ben,-, 

 zoic acid; so that if its action could be interrupted exactly*^ 

 when this had been effected, these would be the only products. 

 This precise period it is extremely difficult to hit, as the chlo- 

 rine proceeds immediately to attack the benzoic acid and to 

 replace one, two, and as we will by and by see, so many as 

 three equivalents of its hydrogen, thus forming a series of 

 three distinct chlorinated acids. It is extremely difficult tq 

 obtain any one of these acids quite free from admixture, either'' 

 of undecomposed benzoic acid on the one hand, or of more 

 highly chlorinated acids on the other. The way in which this 

 is most nearly accomplished, is by means of the silver salts, 

 which are much less soluble than the benzoate of silver, and 

 which consequently remains dissolved in their mother liquors 

 when pretty dilute. The action of a mixture of chlorate of 



