on Cinnamic and Benzoic Acids. 1 S5 



potash and muriatic acid on cinnamic acid is precisely similar 

 to that of hypochlorite of lime, viz. the production of the oily 

 compound, and subsequently of some of the series of chlori- 

 nated acids. As stated in a previous part of this paper, it is 

 not necessary to have the chlorine in a nascent state, in order 

 to effect the decomposition of the cinnamic acid. For if a 

 stream of chlorine gas is sent through a hot Solution of cin- 

 namic acid, the chlorine oil and benzoic acid are immediately 

 formed ; and if the action of the chlorine is continued, the 

 hydrogen of the benzoic acid is replaced just as in the cases 

 already detailed. 



There is a striking analogy, therefore, between the action 

 of chlorine and of nitric acid upon cinnamic acid, the first 

 effect of nitric acid upon cinnamic acid being confined to con- 

 verting it into benzoic acid and oil of bitter almonds; but if 

 the action of the nitric acid is pushed still further, the benzoic 

 acid is also decomposed and converted into nitro-benzoic 

 acid. 



From what we have already stated, it was to be expected 

 that in order to obtain these chlorinated acids, it would not 

 be necessary to employ cinnamic acid, but that they would 

 also be formed by acting directly upon benzoic acid itself, 

 which is a much more easily procurable substance than cin- 

 namic acid, and therefore a much more convenient source of 

 these acids. This 1 found to be the case. Of course the 

 benzoic acid gave no oil, but only the chlorinated acids. 



The following are some of the results of chlorine on benzoic 

 acid applied in the three several ways already described: — 



^!^. ^^CJhlorobenzoic acids produced from benzoic acid by 

 niearis of hypochlorite of lime and muriatic acid. 



I. a. 0*6092 substance burned with chromate of lead gave 

 0-990 CO2 and 0-114- HO. 



b. 0'4375 burned with hydrate of lime gave 0*6175 chloride' 



of siiver.|;i ^"*:-^;"v'V '";:'i """" ^"^•'^^"^';^^' "^^'i; 



c. 0'.^$'45^dfi;hd silver s^lt'g^kve O'l'S^ Chl^bride of silver. ' 



d. 0*3425 of the silver salt gave 0'3525 carbonic acid and 

 0-034 water. 



II. Another portion of benzoic acid treated still more fre- 

 quently with hypochlorite of lime than the preceding. 



0-3435 substance gave 0-5095 COg and 0-610 HO. , 



III. Acid which had been still longer treated than No. II.' -' 

 0-3572 substance gave 0-510 COc, and 0-051 HO. 



B. Chlorobenzoic acid obtained by acting on benzoic acid 

 by a mixture of chlorate of potash and muriatic acid. 



IV. 0-2066 substance gave 0-324 CO2 and 0-036 HO. 



