-nadogji^ili ^ai^ieT yd bus ; noiJuIoe ni ladJagoi iaizo £f>oa 1o aJBiIq 



aif* dMr{^1kaimtt}ai^£ahii9!lPiHb»]Jbi$tes kirtim healthy state, arfd^ttii 

 8<A«)il)Un£^hMCEiH;«^Itfitita©pfinarfh3aia^^ By I k-ury Beifee 



The author, having observed that in some states of disease there 

 .jodturi'Mfthei urine a great excess oi' tlie earthy phosphates;, \vas in- 

 duced to ihvystigute the subject ; and as a preliminary infjuiryi-'fti 

 sdScbrtatii! thtetaniations in the amount of these ])hosphates at differ- 

 -eribitimfeBiMiiltihfe.^ame pei-son in a state of health, and to trace the 

 i^CQUSie^iwiiickrdieteninihi^taiir excess or a deficiency of these salts in the 

 '(itrUiei;iii>ottn^ dH theiiMlliie-.tiiUG, -the variations in the quantity of 

 othe alkkiinj8ip^sjiliaite3(cdntainid>iin iit, with a view of discovering 

 -»rheth[*rtlLESeiBariatiqns;aDe: influenced by the same, or by different 

 Ij»ufleSj^l';Tltei;pttiiflcipial'iresultsv!lJo -which his experiments have con- 

 ifluiOted/ him aa^ the ifolldwing.' 1:1 The quantity of the earthy phos- 

 fspfeatesiin'theiiiridevoidedisooffiiafter taking food is considerably 

 egreateEthiHi'in'fchat voided at c^her times ; and this happens whethor 

 f^Jae: meal: consists of aliaiiaial foodor of bread only. After long fast- 

 'i«|gi'jt^pioportion of earthy phosphates is considerably diminished. 

 ■}^)BDtherj(l*hier hand, the alkaline phosphates are present in greatest 

 bqBa,]lititjrclrhen the food consists of bread alone : when meat alone is 

 oHkeijpithe deficiency in those salts is still more marked than the 

 j^isoefe Art the former case. Exercise occasions no change in the 

 fijpiftnlfltjbsrf the earthy phosphates, but causes an increase of nearly 

 (iojkivtl^tiids^n ithe amount of alkaline phosphates ; but its influence is, 

 bontithieiwbQle, less than that of diet; The earthy phosphates are in- 

 .fdOMfsfed in quantity by chloride of calcium, sulphate of magnesia, 

 *!t»Milo6b.lcined magnesia taken into the stomach. 

 -/<i The; author next examines the conditions in which the urine is 

 alkalescent, and which he considers to be of two kinds ; the one, long 

 ■■k^^gm^aisammoniaaal, and arising from the presence of carbonate of 

 naooiinpnia ; and the other, which has not hitherto been distinctly re- 

 HfSignised, arising from fixed alkali, and appearing most frequently 

 T^fUrine secreted during a period of from two to four hours after 

 -birtakfast, in persons suffering only from defective digestion. Under 

 nthese circumstances, it may be, when voided, either turbid from 

 namorphous sediment, or clear and alkaline when tested, or free from 

 deposit and slightly acid. If in either of these last cases it be heated, 

 an amorphous precipitate falls down, which is soluble in dilute hy- 

 -drochloric acid, or in a solution of biphosphate of soda. Healthy 

 s-urioe may at any time be made tayield a precipitate of earthy phos- 

 phates by heat, even though it be acid, by having a portion of this 

 acid neutralised by any alkali, or by phosphate of soda, the fluid 

 becoming more acid when boiled. A solution of earthy phosphates 

 in biphosphate of soda also gives a precipitate on boiling, if some of 

 nits acid reaction is removed by any alkali. The fluid when boiled 

 otecomes more acid to test-paper, indicating the formation of a more 

 jtbasic earthy phosphate. A result precisely similar is obtained when 



