318 Lieut.-Col. Sabine on the Cause of Mild Winters 



grees higher than the temperature of the sea in ordinary years 

 in the same parallels. The facts, both in respect to the Gulf- 

 stream, and to the peculiarities of the winter in that year, 

 were stated in the volume of Pendulum and other observa- 

 tions which I published in 1825 ; perhaps the statement of 

 them now will be most satisfactorily given in the words which 

 were then used : and I have the less hesitation in introducing 

 an extract from that work, because it was published many 

 years ago, and is, I believe, but little known, at least in this 

 country. The statement was as follows : — 



i( In the passage of the Iphigenia from England to the coast 

 of Africa, a remarkable and very interesting evidence was ob- 

 tained, by observations on the temperature of the sea, of the 

 accidental presence in that year of the water of the Gulf- 

 stream, in longitudes much to the eastward of its ordinary 

 extension. 



" The Iphigenia sailed from Plymouth on the 4th of Ja- 

 nuary [1822], after an almost continuous succession of very 

 heavy westerly and south-westerly gales, by which she had 

 been repeatedly driven back and detained in the ports of the 

 Channel ; the following memorandum exhibits her position at 

 noon on each day of her subsequent voyage from Plymouth 

 to Madeira, and from thence to the Cape Verd Islands, the 

 temperature of the air in the shade and to windward, and 

 that of the surface of the sea ; it also exhibits in comparison, 

 the ordinary temperature of the ocean at that season, in the 

 respective parallels, which Major Rennell has been so kind as 

 to permit me to insert on his authority, as an approximation 

 founded on his extensive inquiries ; the last column shows 

 the excess or defect in the temperature observed in the Iphi- 

 genia's passage. 



