78 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2°d S. VII. Jan. 22. '59. 



the art of salting and barrelling herrings, is fully 

 supported by the best authorities. With respect 

 to the date of the invention authors differ ; one 

 making it 1337, others 1347, 1397, 1414. There 

 is also a difference as to the inventor's name, — 

 Bockel, Biickel, Beukels, Bokel, Bokelszoon, Beu- 

 kelzoon. These variations, however, can hardly 

 be viewed as raising any question as to identity. 

 Bokelszoon bears much the same relation to Bo- 

 kel as Williamson to William. The true inventor, 

 ■whatever the orthography of his name, appears 

 clearly to have been both born and buried at 

 Biervleit, a small town on an island in the W. 

 Scheldt ; where, also, he devised that pickling pro- 

 cess which, by converting a very perishable article 

 into one of the staples of trade, speedily acquired 

 so much importance in its commercial results. 

 The invention seems to have chiefly consisted in 

 the mode of preparing and salting, and in the 

 barrelling ; for the art of salting both flesh and 

 fish was well known to the ancient Romans. 



Charles V. adopted, in 1536, a characteristic 

 and peculiar mode of rendering honour to the 

 memory of Beukelzoon. The emperor, taking 

 with him his sister, went on a pilgrimage to Beu- 

 kelzoon's grave, thanked him for the invention, 

 being himself very fond of herrings, and ate a 

 herring then and there : — 



" Kayser Carolus V. nebst seiner Schwester an. 1536 

 eine Wallfahrt zii seinem Grabe angestellet, ihm vor die 

 Erfindung, well er die heringe gerne ass, gedanket, und 

 daselbst einen hering verzehret hat." — Zedler On Bier- 

 uliet. 



We are well aware that Charles V. was curious 

 in all matters connected with gastronomy; and 

 his partiality to a red herring must raise him in 

 the estimation of all sensible people. But may 

 we not conjecture that the distinguished honours 

 rendered to Beukelzoon's grave were partly due 

 to higher considerations, and that the emperor's 

 penetration detected the economic value of the 

 invention ? Thomas Bots. 



Daniel LangJiorne (Q""^ S. vi. 526.) — I cannot 

 give Mr. Dixon the exact information he re- 

 quires, but I can supply him with some particulars 

 which may possibly lead him to what he is in 

 search of. Daniel Langhorne was educated at 

 Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1662 he was li- 

 censed by the Bishop of Ely to the cure of Trinity 

 church in that city; and. In 1663, was elected 

 Fellow of Corpus. In 1664 he was a University 

 preacher ; and, in 1670, he was instituted to the 

 vicarage of Layston cum Capella de Alsewych in 

 Hertfordshire, which he held to the time of his 

 death in 1681 ; and in the registers of which 

 parish some particulars respecting his family may 

 probably be found. He wrote Elenchus Antiqui- 

 tatum Albioncnsium, London, 1673, 8vo., with an 

 Appendix in 1674; and Chronicon Itegum An- 

 glorum, London, 1679, 8vo. Sir William Lang- 



horne, of Charleton in Kent, Bart., married Lady 

 Grace, daughter of John, 8th Earl of Rutland, 

 and widow of Patricius, Viscount Chaworth of 

 Armagh ; she died Feb. 15, 1699, and was buried 

 at Charlton in Kent, in which church there is a 

 monument with a long inscription describing her 

 virtues. John Langhorne, a poet, was born at 

 Kirk by Stephen in Westmoreland in 1735 ; and 

 married, first, the daughter of Robert Cracroft, 

 Esq., of Hackthorn, near Lincoln ; and secondly, 

 the daughter of Mr. Thompson of Brough. He 

 had a brother, the Rev. William Langhorne of 

 Dover, who published, in conjunction with his 

 brother John, a new translation of Plutarch's 

 Lives. Alfred T. Lee. 



Portcullis (2"'* S. v. 131.) —The Portcullis was 

 a badge derived from the Somersets. Henry VII. 

 was particularly fond of it. On the outside as well 

 as inside of that monarch's chapel at Westminster 

 Abbey it constantly occurs, and upon his tomb it 

 is also seen, with the motto "Altera Securitas," sup- 

 posed to signify that as the portcullis was an ad- 

 ditional security to the gate, so his descent from 

 his mother (the Lady Margaret Beaufort of the 

 house of Somerset) strengthened his other titles. 

 The two offices of Rogue-Dragon and Portcullis 

 were erected by King Henry VII. upon the vigil 

 of his coronation, 19th Oct. 1485, and added to 

 the old ones of Rouge-croix and Bluemantle. 

 The first Pursuivant appointed was Ralph Lagysse, 

 gent., who was afterwards created Norroy Klng-of- 

 Arms in 1522, and died in 1528 ; and the list Is 

 complete from him down to the presfent Portcullis- 

 Pursuivant, George W. CoUen, Esq., appointed in 

 1841. 



The above is chiefly taken from Noble's History 

 of the College of Arms (ed. 1805, London), with 

 a few additions of my own. A. S. A. 



Operation for Cataract (2»'» S. vli. 28.). — 



" In Arragon, during the same century, an Israelitish 

 physician, Abiathar, of Lerida, gained great renown by 

 curing the blindness of King John II., at the age of 

 eightj'. This cure is the first instance of the operation 

 for cataract which has been recorded in the history of 

 medical science. The physician ventured to perform the 

 operation upon one eye, and having completely succeeded, 

 felt some hesitation in proceeding ; but the resolute and 

 courageous old King compelled him to risk an operation 

 on the other also." — Israel and the Gentiles, bv J. Da Costa, 

 p. 279. 



Prescott, in his Ferdinand and Isabella, gives an 

 account with a little more interesting detail of 

 this, according to the above quoted author, first 

 recorded instance of operation for cataract : — 



" A physician in Lerida, of the Hebrew race, which 

 monopolised at that time almost all the medical science 

 in Spain, persuaded the King to submit to the then un- 

 usual operation of couching, and succeeded in restoring 

 sight to one of his eyes. As the Jew, after the fashion 

 of the Arabs, debased" his real science with astrology, he 

 refused to operate on the other eye, since the planets, he 

 said, wore a malignant aspect. But John's rugged nature 



