420 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2nd S. VII. May 21. '59. 



overs of the outer leaves give the names and dates 

 of the births of the two sons of the old Pretender, 

 and the inner leaves the motto, " Fear . God . 

 Honour . the . King." The centre, or seed part, 

 " 1746. Mar^-^ for K. & Counf^." Each inner leaf 

 contains one circle of names, and each outer leaf 

 six circles formed of names. Of the forty per- 

 sons mentioned, the time and places given in the 

 Gents. Mag. for Jan. 1828, as to the executions 

 of some of them, are I believe correct (or within a 

 few days), and the following may be added : — 

 Chs. Gordon of Delprey, Robt. E,eid, John Wal- 

 lis, Jas. Mitchel, Molineux Eaton, Thos. Heys, 

 and Barnaby Mathews, were executed at Carlisle 

 I5th Nov. (or Dec), 1746; Angus M'^Donald at 

 York, on 1st Nov., and David Roe and Willm. 

 Hunter on 8th Nov, 1746 ; Robt. Lyon, Andrew 

 Swann, Jas. Harvie and Philip Hunt, were exe- 

 cuted, I believe, at Penrith. 



The small portion of blue ribbon is four inches 

 in breadth, and the quality and colour accord 

 with the traditional reason why it has been trea- 

 sured. The ticket may well be unique when the 

 possession of it would, for many years, endanger 

 the life of the owner. There cannot be any rea- 

 sonable doubt that the Jacobite who held these 

 articles in 1749 believed them to be genuine, and 

 of which he probably had sufficient proof. 



The ticket would be a very expensive engrav- 

 ing, and for no purpose if a forgery. The articles 

 came to me upwards of thirty years since, from a 

 gentleman at that time upwards of seventy years 

 of age ; and he had them from an old lady of a 

 family in Yorkshire and Lancashire, of station and 

 importance as commoners. Rich. Almack. 



■WILLIAM or WYKEHAM. 



(2"'» S. vii. 197.) 



Upon the much disputed point referred to by 

 C. E. L., viz. the real surname of this bishop's 

 father, it may perhaps in some degree help to 

 guide opinion if attention is called to the practice 

 of his time with regard to clerical names. Those 

 who are familiar with the nomenclature of the 

 fourteenth century will have observed that it was 

 then almost the universal custom of ecclesiastics, 

 particularly those of the higher class, to use what 

 may be called a sacerdotal surname. This sacer- 

 dotal surname is no guide whatever to the father's 

 surname. Holinsbed, explaining the reason why 

 Bishop William of Wayvflete was so called when 

 his father's name was Patten, says — 



" It was a fashion in those days for a learned spirituall 

 man to take awaie the father's surname (were it never 

 80 worshipfull or ancient), and to give him for it the name 

 of the towne he was borne in." 



After producing several instances, he adds that 

 this in like manner happened to Wm. Waynflete, 

 " a matter right proveable." 



Instances might be supplied, literally by hun- 

 dreds, from the pages of episcopal registers in the 

 middle of the fourteenth century. In those of 

 Salisbury (printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps under 

 the name of " Wiltshire Institutions "), by far 

 the greatest part of the clergy then instituted to 

 livings are described simply by their Christian 

 name, with the well-known name of some parish 

 annexed, as John de Wilton, William de Laving- 

 ton, Henry de Blunsdon, John de Swyndon, &c. 

 Where a family surname is given, the place of 

 birth is still annexed ; as Peter Oliver de Tidcomb, 

 William Maudyt de Shalborne, Richard Att 

 Grove de Trowbridge, Stephen le Haiward de 

 Newton. Where the parish had a double name, 

 the double name is annexed in full, as Peter 

 Thurborn de Wyvelesford Bohun, Thomas de 

 Chalfield-Magna, Thomas de Compton-Winter- 

 yate, Peter de Somerford Keynes. In whatever 

 variety of form the priest's name appears, it is 

 clear that the last word in it, preceded by de (of 

 or belonging to), indicated the birth-place or 

 home of the priest, and was adopted as his sacer- 

 dotal surname. Now and then the sacerdotal be- 

 came the family name. Thomas de Ken (co. 

 Somerset), instituted 1349, dies soon afterwards 

 as Thomas Ken ; and the same happens with 

 others, as Wilton, Blunsdon, &c. This custom of a 

 sacerdotal surname was at its height in the time of 

 William of Wykeham : and whatever his father's 

 surname may happen to have been, there can be 

 no doubt that he followed the fashion, and that 

 " William of Wykeham " tells us nothing more 

 than that he was a William born at some place 

 so called. 



Some of your readers may perhaps be able to 

 produce instances in which it is quite certain that 

 the sacerdotal surname of a bishop was adopted 

 by his kindred. One such instance I believe I 

 can produce, in Wykeham's predecessor. Bishop 

 Williiim de Edyndon. His origin was humble, 

 and his father's surname uncertain ; but that he 

 was born at the village of Edyngdon, near West- 

 bury, CO. Wilts, is well-known both from other 

 authorities, and from his epitaph : 



" Edindon natus Wilhelmus hie est tumulatus," &c. 

 Under the adopted and sacerdotal name of Wil- 

 liam de Edyndon,he rose to be Lord Treasurer and 

 Chancellor, and was one of the greatest men in 

 the great reign of Edward III. I have never met 

 with Edyngdon as a family name in Wiltshire 

 before his time ; but at and after his time I find 

 it, used by his brother and his nephew, both being 

 laymen and knights. 



That William of Wykeham's was a parallel case 

 I am by no means prepared to say : because this 

 is just the very point in dispute. It is maintained 

 on the one hand that his family name was already 

 Wykeham. This may have been so : but the evi- 

 dence for it requires to be derived from sources 



