2°<i S. VII. May 6. '59.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



383 



blot of white, and others of red. There did not 

 appear to be any defined objects, such as a tree, 

 house, figure, &c. ; but, when viewed as a whole, 

 at its distance hanging on the wall of the room, 

 each of them appeared to be a landscape repre- 

 senting morning or evening ; in which the dark 

 and light of the sky and the foreground, hills, 

 trees, towers, &c., could be made out by the fancy, 

 in the smallest space of time allowed for the ima- 

 gination to come into play; and then the effect 

 was certainly very good, and a surprise to the 

 beholder. If this does not quite answer the in- 

 quiry of P. P. Q., probably some other octogena- 

 rian, who was a personal friend of the Doctor, 

 may be able to give a more satisfactory reply : 

 for we all know he was well acquainted with art, 

 as his satirical criticisms on some of the artists of 

 his own time will testify. P. H. F. 



This extraordinary character was the friend and 

 pupil of Wilson, the eminent landscape-painter, 

 whose style he used to imitate not unsuccessfully. 

 I have seen many of his works, both in oils and 

 water-colours. In his addenda to Pilkington's 

 Dictionary of Painters he pays due honour to the 

 memory of his old friend Wilson. 



Edward F. Rimbault. 



Note on Fronde's " History of England " (2"'^ 

 S. vii. 274.) — Though I fully agree with your 

 correspondent Arch. Weir, that Mr. Froude 

 " is not the writer to whom one would refer for 

 an expression of theological views," yet Mr. 

 Froude is substantially right in saying that John 

 Lambert was sentenced in 1538 for denying " the 

 real presence," not for denying " transubstantia- 

 tion." The sixth of the five-and-forty " articles 

 held to him" by the bishops is conclusive as to 

 this. It is quite true that the famous debate 

 which he was compelled to hold in the king's pre- 

 sence diverged into a discussion of the popular 

 arguments for and against transubstantiation. 

 But this was as a subsidiary argument to the main 

 question. Those who are familiar with the eucha- 

 ristic controversy, as it was before the Council of 

 Trent, will understand a distinction which it 

 would scarcely suit the pages of "N. & Q." to 

 endeavour to develop. 



Such, however, are the niceties for which men 

 burnt each other three hundred years ago, and 

 slander each other now. Let me conclude with a 

 short moral, — one of the best, perhaps, to be de- 

 duced from the grim pages of Foxe's Martyrs. 

 When the very last victim on record in the Ma- 

 rian persecution — a poor country lass — was tied 

 to the stake, she "called for her godfather and 

 godmother," and asked them "what they had pro- 



mised for her ? And so she immediately rehearsed 

 her Faith, and the Commandments of God : and 

 required of them, if there were any more that 

 they had promised in her behalf? And they said, 

 ' No.' ' Then,' said she, ' I die a Christian woman : 

 bear witness of me ! ' " Such was the simple 

 epilogue of that long tragedy. Laicus. 



Turning Cat-in-a-pan (2°* S. xii. 374.) — When 

 the Greek emperors founded a new province in 

 Southern Italy, circiter a.d. 890, which compre- 

 hended Eari, Amalfi, &c., the principal ruler or 

 governor was called the Catapan. Du Cange 

 states the popular derivation of the word to be 

 Kara ■jrav, but inclines to think it to be a corrup- 

 tion of capitaneus, St. Marc, however (^Abrege 

 Chronologique, ii. 924.), shows clearly at that 

 period capitaneus had not the meaning of captain. 

 These governors were alternately opposed to the 

 Franks or German invaders, and to the Saracens. 

 In 871 they had leagued with the former and had 

 defeated the latter at the siege of Bari. Shortly 

 after they allied themselves with the Caliph ; and, 

 with the assistance of 40,000 Moslems, defeated 

 Otho III. at the battle of Crotona. May not such 

 changing sides of these Catapani have been the 

 origin of the phrase " turning cat-in-the-pan ? " 

 Your correspondent G. M. suggests it may mean 

 turning the cate, or dainty, in the pan ; but this 

 scarcely suggests the idea of treachery. Is it not 

 more like the phrase "he turned Judas ?" 



Perhaps some of your correspondents may be 

 able to throw more light on the matter. The his- 

 tory of the period is best found in Muratori's col- 

 lection of the writers of Italian history. A. A. 



Poets' Corner. 



Persecution of Polish Nuns (2"* S. vi. 505.) — 

 To complete this narrative, it may be added that 

 the address of Gregory XVI. to the late Emperor 

 Nicholas on this subject (omitted by Wiseman) 

 is thus recorded by Farini in his Roman State, as 

 translated by Gladstone (i. 139.) : — 



« Sire ! the day will come in which we must both pre- 

 sent ourselves to God, to render Him an account of our 

 deeds. I, as being far more advanced in years, shall 

 assuredly be the first ; but I should not dare to meet the 

 eye of my Judge, if I did not this daj' endeavour to de- 

 fend the Religion entrusted to my charge, which you are 

 oppressing. Sire ! think well upon it : God has created 

 kings that they may be the fathers, not the tyrants, of 

 the subjects who obej' them." 



The interview took place in December, 1845 : 

 this Pope's death occurred 1st June, 1846 ; that 

 of Nicholas 2nd March, 1855. T. J. Buckton. 



Lichfield. 



De Beauvoir Family (2"'^ S. v. 15.) — A pedi- 

 gree of the family of Beauvoir of Downham Hall, 

 in the county of Essex, is to be found in an ad- 

 vertisement in the Courier newspaper for June 1, 

 1822. Meletes. 



