2nd s. No 68., Feb. 7. '57.] 



NOTES AND QUEEIES. 



117 



Doctor, and bv wearing the gown and hood of 

 M.A. 



I shall now (having replied to Dr. Gauntlett's 

 Queries to the best of my power) be obliged if he 

 will describe to me, as accurately as he can, the 

 costume of Musical Doctor Cantuar. 



M.A. (Oxon.) 



Coll., Oxford. 



GREEK CROSS. 



(2"'> S. ii. 498.) 



The form of the Greek cross is not a X , which 

 is St. Andrew's cross ; but one in which all the 

 arms are equal. The Latin cross has the lower 

 arm the longest of all. 



J. C. J. assumes that I am wrong ; I think I 

 have some authority and reason on my side. 

 Writers of the Greek Church have described the 

 blessed feet as nailed with one nail. The use of 

 the middle board is likewise alluded to as repre- 

 sented in ancient examples as the support of the 

 body. 



1. George Cassander says, Lett. xix. : 



" It is evident what was the form of the Cross, both 

 from some ancient images and statues which I have seen, 

 and very clearly from that most ancient writer Irenaeus, 

 and a more recent one, Gregory of Tours ; and which is 

 also supported by the reason of the thing itself." 



He proceeds to argue, that without additional 

 support, a body weighed down by death would 

 tear asunder from the nails ; and that, therefore, 



" about the middle of the standing and upright post, 

 there was let in a little board upon which rested the feet 

 of the person." 



The words of Irenaeus are plain (Cont. Har., 

 ii. c. 24.) : 



" . . . . unum (finem crux habet) in medio ubi requi- 

 escit qui clavis affigitur." 



To this entirely agrees Gregory of Tours : 



"... In stipite erecto foramen factum manifestum est. 

 Pes quoque parvulaj tabulag in hoc foramen insertus est." 

 De Gloria Mart., i. 6. 



The writer proceeds to describe a picture of 

 the Greek Church, which tallies with Bishop Be- 

 veridge's description : 



" I have seen representations of a cross of this kind of 

 a considerable size ; not only some portrayed manj- 

 years ago in this country, but also a verj-- remarkable one 

 painted in the remotest part of Armenia, and which an 

 Armenian priest used to carry about with him in his 

 praj-er-book, described in the language and characters of 

 his nation, in all which figures a little board of this kind 

 was evidently jutting out, according to the description of 

 Irenseus and Gregory of Tours." 



The use then of the "diagonal board" was 

 " super hanc tabulam tanquam stantis hominis 

 sacrse affixse' sunt Plantse." 



2. Calf hill, in his 8 th Article, says : 



" Farthermore, as concerning the nails wherewithal 

 Christ was fastened to the Cross, a greater controversy 

 doth arise. Theodoret, Eccl. Hist., lib. i. c. xviii., writeth 

 thus : ' Clavorum alios galeae regiae inseruit ; qui praj- 

 sidio essent capiti filii sui, et hostium tela repellerent: 

 alios frenis equestribus conjunxit.' . . . But Sozomenus 

 saith, ' Galeam ex illis, et frenum equorum fabricasse.' . . . 

 St. Ambrose varieth from them both ; for he afBrmeth, 

 (2>e Obitu Theodosii), ' De uno clavo frenos lieri prsecepit. 

 De altero diadema intexuit. Unum ad decorem, alterum 

 ad devotionem vertit.' The third she kept. . . . Bergo- 

 mensis, in his Chronicle, speaketh of three nails ; whereof 

 the first, he saith, ' Constantius ipse in frenum equi sui 

 transtulit, quo in praslio tantummodq,utebatur : Alterum 

 verb in galea su& collocavit ; et tertium (ut divus testatur 

 Ambrosius) in Adriaticum mare, ad comprimendas saj- 

 vientis maris procellas dejecit.' . . . The truest opinion 

 is, that there were not past three nails." 



I am not arguing the question of the number of 

 the nails : it has been discussed by C. Curtius, de 

 Clavis Domin., and Henningius, Archa:ol, Passion.^ 

 c. XX. The Russian priest, mentioned by A. G. G., 

 was clearly, like too many of his unfortunate 

 order under a despotic rule, very ignorant. 



Mackenzie Walcott, M.A. 



aNeill, Earl of Tyrone (2°^ S. iii. 12.) — J, G. 

 N. will find the pedigree of O'Neill, Earl of Ty- 

 rone, in Burke's Extinct Peerages of England^ 

 Ireland, and Scotland, 3rd edit., 1846. 



He will also find a short pedigree of the O'Neill 

 family in the Ulster Archceological Journal for 

 Oct. 1853, as given by the Rev. Wm. Reeves, 

 D.D., in his account of the seal of Odo O'Neill, 

 king of Ulster, date (circiter) 1325. (IMention is 

 made of this seal in the Strawberry Hill Catalogue: 

 " Matrix silver ; arms, the red hand of Ulster ; 

 legend, ' S. Odonis O'Neill, Regis Hybernyo?-um 

 Ulconie). R. C. 



A series of papers illustrative of the pedigree 

 of this family, appeared in the Belfast Chronicle 

 about eighteen months ago. This newspaper is 

 now extinct ; but, doubtless, many files of it are 

 now preserved by many merchants In Belfast. 



Alfred T. Lee. 



James Baynes, Painter in Water- Colours (S""* S. 

 iii, 70.) — In reply to Query regarding early 

 water-colour painters I send notice of James 

 Baynes, a contemporary artist of the earlier 

 masters, whose works have laid the foundation of 

 an art in which we are unrivalled and pre-eminent. 



The subject of my note was born at Kirkby 

 Lonsdale, in April, 1766, and when a boy was aided 

 by a Dr. Campbell of that town, who placed the 

 youth under Romney the Academician. After a 

 course of study at Somerset House, Baynes, who 

 was on the eve of departure for Italy, lost the 



