NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2nd s. No 53., Jan. 3. '57. 



16. "News from the New Exchange, or the Common- 

 wealth of Ladies drawn to the Life. Printed in the Year 

 of Women without Grace, 1650." 



17. " A True Catalogue, or an Account of the several 

 Places and most Eminent Persons in the Three Nations 

 and elsewhere, where, and by whom, Richard Cromwell 

 was proclaimed Lord Protector. Printed in the First 

 Year of the English Armies small or scarce beginning to 

 return from their almost Six Years' great Apostacy, n. d." 



18. " Covenant Renouncers, Desperate Apostates : Let- 

 ters to Mr. William Gurnal of Lavenham, &c. Printed 

 in Anti- turn- Coat Street, and solde at the SIgne of Truth's 

 Delight, right opposite to Backsliding Alley, 1665." 



19. " The Mystery of the Good Old Cause briefly un- 

 folded. London, printed in the First Yeare of England's 

 Liberty after 21 Years' Slavery, 1666." 



20. " The Rehearsal Transprosed, by Andrew Marvell. 

 London, printed by A. B. for the Assigns of John Calvin 

 and Theodore Beza, at the Sign of the King's Indulgence, 

 on the South-side of the Lake Leman, 1672." 



21. "The Pope's Warehouse laid open to the World. 

 Printed by T. Mills, and are to be sold by a Running Book • 

 seller, 1683." 



22. "The Welsh Levite tossed in a Blanket; a Dia- 

 logue between Hick of Colchester, David J — nes, 



and the Ghost of Will. Prynn. Printed for the Assigns 

 of Will Prynn, next Door to the Devil, 1691." 



23. "A Proper Project to Startle Fools and Frighten 

 Knaves, but to make Wise Men Happy. Printed in a 

 Lund where Self's cry'd up and Zeal's cry'd down, 1699." 



2i. "Parish Guttler's, or the Humours of a Select 

 Vestry, a Merry Poem ; with the Comical Adventures of 

 Simon Knicky Knocky, Undertaker, Church-Warden, 

 and Coffin-lMaker. Printed' in the Year of Guttling, 1732." 



25. " An Address from the Ladies of the Provinces of 

 Munster and Linster. Dublin, printed for Joh7i Pro- 

 Patri, at the Sign of Vivat Rex, 1754." 



26. " Chivalry no Trifle, or the Knight and his Lady, 

 Dublin, printed at the Sign of Sir Tody's Press, 1754." 



27. " An Address from the Influenced Electors of the 

 County of and City of Galwaj'. Dublin, printed at the 

 Sign of the Pirate's Sword in the Captain's Scabbard, 

 1754." 



28. " The C r's Apology to the Freeholders of the 



Kingdom for their Conduct. Dublin, printed at the Sigii 

 of Betty Ireland, d — d of a Tyrant in Purple, a Monster 

 in Black,' 8fc., 1754." 



EdWABD F. E.IMBAULT. 



A NOTE ABOUT THE WORD " STONEHENGE." 



I have observed, in looking over some old " N. 

 & Q.," that the etymology of this name has once 

 or twice been canvassed, and that some opinions 

 have been expressed, which are erroneous, inas- 

 much as they spring from an imperfect acquaint- 

 ance with the powers of the language in which 

 that etymology is to be sought. I believe all 

 your correspondents have judged rightly that the 

 name is an Anglo-Saxon one, and consequently 

 must be got at according to the strict rules of that 

 tongue, which, I beg to say, are as the laws of the 

 Medes and Persians, and quite as incapable of 

 caprice as those of the Greek or Latin. Now the 

 proper form of the word in Anglo-Saxon was 

 Stdiikengena, or possibly Stdnhengen : in the first 

 case being plural, in the second singular, — there- 



fore, either " the stone-gallowses," or " the stone- 

 gallows." Where a substantive in Anglo-Saxon 

 is compounded with another, the first word of the 

 compound always denotes the matter concerning 

 which, and in reference to which, the second is 

 predicated, in the most general sense. The En- 

 glish language has the same power. When we 

 say church door, church has a kind of adjectival 

 sense. In Anglo-Saxon Cwevgold means, not the 

 gold belonging to some particular queen, but 

 queen-gold, i. e. gold belonging to the queen, in 

 itself; something due to a queen as queen, not to 

 any particular person who might happen to be 

 queen, at any given time. Stdnhengen is " stone- 

 gallows;" the idiom is the same exactly, and 

 would have been equally well expressed in Anglo- 

 Saxon by Strenene hengen, " patibulum saxeum." 

 If, on the other hand, it had been Hengen- stun, 

 the "gallows-stone," it would have denoted a 

 stone of or belonging to the gallows, a stone near 

 the gallows, or on which the gallows stood, or one 

 of which a gallows might be made, saxiim patibu- 

 lare, and so forth. With regard to Hengest, I 

 confess I think it probable that his name has 

 literally slipt in from some attempt to explain 

 Hengen (/.) by a people that did not know the 

 meaning of the word. It is impossible in Anglo- 

 Saxon to say Stdn Hengestes : Hengestes stdn is 

 the form which Hengist's stone would take. And 

 then, if you please, we must have had Hengestes 

 stdnas, stdn being a masculine substantive, and 

 Stonehenge not being one, but many stones. Had 

 there been a Henchston or Hinxton on Salisbury 

 Plain, I would cheerfully have admitted the hypo-" 

 thesis of Hengestes stdn to account for it. As for 

 Stdn henge being the " hanging stones," in any 

 sense but a gallows, i. e. being uplifted, in the 

 sense of the hanging gardens of Babylon, I can 

 only say that I wait to learn where that adjective 

 henge can be found, or in what collocation such an 

 adjective can be shown to follow its substantive. 

 There is ample evidence that the Anglo-Saxons 

 troubled their heads very little about the crom- 

 lechs or dolmens which they found, and looked 

 upon them with no greater reverence than they 

 paid to all old, or hoary; or grey stones. Perhaps 

 they may have looked upon them with even less, 

 inasmuch as they bear obvious marks of human 

 workmanship ; while the erratic block, or boulder, 

 is as obviously the work of God alone. And that 

 a gallows should be made of stone, however sur- 

 prising to an enlightened philanthropist of the 

 nineteenth century, could not be at all strange to 

 a people with whom that noble institution was, so 

 to say, en permanence. The Saxons sacrificed to 

 Woden by the cord. And I can tell you that a 

 German free town of the Middle Ages would have 

 thought itself shorn of its dignity indeed, if it had 

 not had its stone gallmos on the neighbouring hill. 

 The Furcq, et Scrohes (" quot Patibula, quot 



