•2*j>l, Improved Prc^cefi of Bleaching. 



operation muft be performed by two perlons ; the one turning the axis, and the other 

 direttin" the piece, which muft be rolled on very tight and very even. When the firft 

 piece is in the axis, the next piece is faftened to the end of it by fliewers, and wound on 

 in the fame manner <is the iirft. The fame method is puifued till all the pieces are wound 

 upon the axis. The end of the laft piece is then faftened to the canvas of the axis K. Both 

 axes are afterwards placed into thcciftcrn with their ends in the fockets F, F, and the ltd is 

 put on the ciftern by palling the axes through the tubes H, H. The handle P is put upon 

 the empty axis, and the pulley Q^upon the.axis on which the cloth is rolled •, and the cord R 

 with the weight T is put round it, and over the pulley S. The ufe of the irittion produced 

 by this weight is to make the cloth wind tight upon the other axis. Bat as the efFc£l of the 

 weiiTht will increafe as one cylinder increafes and the other IclTens, I recommend that three 

 br four weights be fufpended on the cord, which may be taken ofF gradually as the petfoa 

 who works the machine may find it convenient. As the weights hang in open hooks which 

 are faftened to the cord, it will be little or no trouble to put them on and to remove them. 



Things being thus difpofed, the bleaching liquor is to be transferred from the vefTels in 

 which it has been prepared into the apparatus, by a moveable tube paffing through the tube 

 J, and dcfcending to the bottom of the ciftern. This tube biing conncfted with the vefleis 

 by means oT leaden or wooden pipes provided with cocks, hardly any vapours willcfcape in 

 the transfer. When the apparatus is filled up to the line a, the moveable tube is to be with- 

 drawn, and the tube I clofed. As the liquor rifes above the edge of the rim G, and abovs 

 the tubes H,H, it is evident that no evaporation can take place except where the rim does not 

 apply clofely to the fides of the box : which will, however, form a very trifling furface if tht 

 carpenter's work be decently done. The cloth is now to be wound from the axis L upon 

 the axis K, by turning this ; and when this is accomplifhcd, the handle P and pulley Q_are to 

 be changed, and the cloth is to be wound back upon the axis L. This operation is of courfe 

 to be repeated as often as neccllary. It is plain, that by this procefs of winding the cloth 

 from one axis upon the other, every part of it is expofed in the moft complete manner to the 

 a£lion of the liquor in which it is immerfed. It will be ncceflary to turn at firft very brifkly, 

 not only becaufc the liquor is then the ftrongeft, but alfo, becaufe it requires a number 

 of revolutions, when the axis is bare, to move a certain length of cloth in a given time, 

 though this maybe performed by a fingle revolution when the axis is filled. Experience 

 muft teach how long the goods are to be worked ; nor can any rule be given refpetting the 

 quantity and ftrength of the liquor in order to bleach a certain number of pieces. An in- 

 telligent workman will foon attain fufficient knowledge of thefe points. It is hardly neceC 

 fary to obferve, that if the liquor fliould retain any ftrength after a fet of pieces are bleached 

 with it, it may again be employed for another fet. 



With a few alterations, this apparatus might be made applicable to the bleaching of yarn. 

 If, for inftance, the pulley O were removed from the end of the axis K, and fixed immediately 

 under the tube H.; if it were perforated in all directions, and tapes or firings paffed through 

 the holes, fkains of yarn might be tied to thefe tapes underneath the pulley, fo as to hang 

 down towards the bottom of the box. The apparatus being afterwards filled with bleaching 

 ■liquor, and the axis turned, the motion would caufe every thread to be aiSled upon by the 

 liquor. Several axes might thus be turned in the fame box, and, being connedled with each 

 other by pulleys, they might all be worked by one perfon at the fame time ; and as all would 



turn 



