1836.] Philosophical Transactions, ^c. 389 



gravel, and marl deposited in gneiss and granite. The shells were 

 found in the marl, and consisted of Tellina B allien, Cardium edule, 

 Mijtilis edulis, Litlorina liltorea, Litlorina rudis, L. crassior, 

 Palkidina ulva? Rissoa parva, Neritina Jliiviatilis, Bulimus 

 luhricus. 



At Oregrund, a horizontal line which was formed on a rock in 

 1820, to note the standard level of the sea, was found to be .5^ inches 

 above its surface. Several rocks were also pointed out which the 

 inhabitants remembered to have been barely covered with water 

 about forty years ago, but which now rise one and two feet above the 

 water. 



At Gefle, the author came to a large tract of stiff blue clay, like 

 that near Upsala, covered with sand six or eight feet deep, and con- 

 taining Mytilus edulis and Tellina Baltica. Low pastures one 

 to three miles inland, were pointed out where the older inhabiants 

 remembered that boats and ships had sailed. It was reported that a 

 vessel and anchor were found at Uggelby, 16 miles from the sea. In 

 the island of Lofgrund, a mark cut at the level of the sea in 1 73 1 , 

 was found to be 2 feet (J inches above its present level. By a mark 

 at St. Olof's Stone, in Edsko Sund, the difference of the level 

 between 1820 and 1834 was 3*58 inches. 



According to the account of Mr. Dickson, resident at Lundswall, 

 the difference in the level during the last fourteen years is six or 

 eight inches. 



Near Uddervalla, on the west coast of Sweden, there is a narrow 

 valley in the gneiss which is filled up with shells, sand, and clay, 

 which rise 206 feet above the sea; and at two miles north from this 

 place, and two miles from the sea, barnacles were found, round the 

 boundary of gneiss, at its contact with a bed of shells, and also small 

 zoophytes {Cellepora? Lam.) The shells found in this deposit were 

 Pliolas crispata, Mya truncata, Anatina myalis, Saxicava 

 rus;osa, Tellina triangularis, T. Baltica, Astarte, Cardium 

 edule, Mijtilus edulis, Modiola barhata, Pecten Islandicus, 

 Terebratula, Patella testudinaria ? Patella noachina, Mar- 

 garita striata, Litlorina littorea. Litlorina ? Turritella ? Na- 

 tica, Velutina, Fusus, Fusus corneus, Buecinum undatum, 

 Balanus sulcatus, Balamis tulipa. Echinus. In the small island 

 Gulholmen, in addition to these species, he obtained Oslrea edulis 

 and ceritliium reticulalum, in a similar deposit. A rock on the 

 coast of this island was found to have been raised 16 inches above 

 the water within the last forty years. A similar observation was made 

 in the island of Marstrand. On the banks of the river at Gothen- 

 burg, the author observed a deposit of blue clay filled with a great 

 variety of shells ; amo^ig others, Lutraria compressn , Mactra 

 suhtruncata, very abundant ; Tellina solidula, Donax trunculus, 

 Cifprnna Islandica, Venus gallina, Cardium edule, Litlorina, 

 littorea, Turritella terehra, Rostellaria pes pelicani, and Bur- 

 cinum reticulalum. This part of the estuary is now filled with 

 fresh water. 



The author concludes, from his observations in Sweden, 1st, That 

 the tract of country which separated the Baltic from the Cattegut 

 was much narrower at a comparatively modern period ; for shells 



