84» Dr Boue's Geological Ohservaiions. 



Modern Deposits of the Sea, very little higher than the highest tide. 



Accumulations of sand and rolled sto7ies, and decayed vegetables, (Dunes irf 

 Gascony, Scotland). 



Masses of Sand, sometimes calcareous, and cemented by a calcareous infil- 

 tration (Messina), with marine shells and human bones (Guadaloupe). 



Coral and Madrepore Reefs, still forming (South Sea). 



Traces of Pholades, in the columns of the temple of Serapis. 

 Sand-banks forming under the sea. 



Modem Deposits of Lakes and Rivers, on their sides, or at their moutlis, and rising 

 very little higher than the highest tides. 



Accumulations of sand, rolled stones, and decayed vegetables. 



Mud mixed with vegetable and animal matters. 



Cof Carbonate of Soda, in some lakes of Egypt, the Barbary 

 Deposits -^ States, and centre of Africa. 



\ of Common Salt, in some lakes of Russia. 



Modem Deposits of Calcareous Tufa, still forming in small lakes (Roman States, 

 Transylvania), or from springs (Alps) ; pisolites, with fluviatile and ter- 

 restrial shells, and bones of animals (Valley of the Gave du Pau). 



Modem Turf deposits, still going on, and containing human bones and pro- 

 ducts of art (Scotland, Mecklenburg). 



Matters accumulated by the falling in or down of rocky masses or earth (Rigy, 

 between Deva and Dobra in Transylvania). 

 Moraine of the glaciers, (Switzerland, Savoy). 



Saline products, forming in mines, caverns, and on the soil, in many countries 

 (Hungary, Asia) ; for example, saltpetre, nitrate of lime, sulphate of lime, 

 ? sulphur. 



Deposits of Mineral Waters, ferruginous, saline, or hot ; for example bog iron- 

 ore (Scotland, Mecklenburg). 



Sulphur, pulverulent or crystallised (Baden in Austria). 

 Vegetable Mould, still forming. 



11. — On Formations. 

 From the want of extensive geognostical knowledge, observers 

 have sometimes been unable to distinguish properly the local 

 from the general formations ; formations, also, have been unne- 

 cessarily multiplied, and some have even fancied that new ones 

 occurred in every country. At other times, geologists have 

 fallen into the opposite extreme, and unnecessarily reduced the 

 chief formations. Not having always a clear idea of the mode 

 of formation of modern and ancient mineral masses, they have 

 often separated the deposits of one country from those of ano- 

 ther, because they have not agreed in all their characters. Is it 



