I 06 Geological Society. 



clay, reposing in some instances immediately on the chalk. Their mine- 

 ral character is remarkably persistent, consisting of grayish green sands 

 with layers of pebbles, but sometimes passing into sandstone and 

 limestone. The fossils, which in some localities are numerous, agree 

 specifically with the well-known Bognor shells; those imbedded in the 

 sands being in good preservation but those in the rock chalky and 

 friable. From the position occupied by these beds Mr. Morris is in- 

 duced to consider them as the equivalents of the lower beds of Wool- 

 wich, Upnor, &c, and in support of this opinion alludes to the strata 

 of calcaire grossier which rest immediately upon chalk at Meudon. 



A Memoir on the Geology of Suffolk, by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, 

 F.G.S., was then commenced. 



Feb. 1. — A paper, " On the occurrence of Keuper-Sandstone in 

 the upper region of the New Red Sandstone formation or Poikilitic 

 system in England and Wales/' by Professor Buckland, D.D., V.P.G.S., 

 was first read. 



The term Keuper is applied in Germany to the entire series of red 

 and variegated marls and sandstones, which lie between the lias and 

 muschel-kalk. Several of these sandstone beds afford a valuable 

 building stone, specimens of which from the quarries of Stuttgard 

 and of Sinzheim, near Heidelberg, were presented by the author to 

 the Society. Dr. Buckland has identified several varieties of this 

 German Keuper-sandstone with sandstones which occupy an analo- 

 gous position in England in the lower region of the red rock marl. 



The total absence of the Muschel-kalk in this country, has left us 

 without that obvious division which it affords in Germany, between 

 sandstones of the era of the red marl or Keuper, and those more ancient 

 new red sandstones which are distinguished on the Continent by the 

 name of Gres bigarre, or Gres de Vosges, and which in England, oc- 

 cupy a large space between the red rock marl and magnesian lime- 

 stone. 



In the vicinity of Warwick, which forms the principal example 

 cited in the present memoir, an excellent section is seen in Guy's 

 Cliff, and a considerable extent of surface is occupied by Keuper- 

 sandstone, which emerges from beneath the red rock marl, near that 

 town and Leamington, and occupies a breadth of three or four miles be- 

 tween Warwick and Kenilworth; at the latter place the Vosges sand- 

 stone rises from beneath it, affording the materials for the construc- 

 tion of the castle of Kenilworth, as the Keuper-sandstone has afforded 

 those of the castle and other ancient buildings at Warwick. 



In the absence of the Muschel-kalk, there is here no obvious proof 

 of any interval between the deposition of the new red sandstone of 

 Kenilworth, and of the olive-coloured Keuper-sandstone which rests 

 immediately upon it, and although the mineral condition of this latter 

 sandstone agrees with that of the Keuper-sandstone of Germany, 

 some doubt might have remained as to the identity of strata so distant 

 from each other, without the aid afforded by organic remains. In 

 1823, part of the jaw and other bones of a Saurian, found in the 

 sandstone of Guy's Cliff* near Warwick, were presented to the Ox- 

 ford Museum, by the late Butic Greathead, Esq. ; Dr. Buckland has 



