of Sugar with the Alkalies and Metallic Oxides. 1 55 



its action on the hydrate, which is no sooner dissolved than 

 deoxidized by excess of sugar, the whole being thus quickly 

 converted to the yellow oxide; and in this experiment copper 

 is always present in solution, proportionate to the quantity of 

 alkaline saccharate. 



It is worthy of remark, that if the deutoxide has been pre- 

 viously deprived of its water and then heated with sugar, it 

 resists the action ; at least three hours' boiling did not affect 

 it: but saccharate of lime (or any other alkaline saccharate) 

 boiled with it is capable of dissolving and deoxidizing it, 

 though with more difficulty than the hydrate. 



A somewhat similar deoxidizing action occurs when sugar 

 is boiled with acetate of copper, the whole of the metal being 

 gradually deposited of a fine orange-red colour, very much re- 

 sembling the outer coating of a bar of Japanese copper, and 

 with it may possibly be the metal in a lower state of oxidation 

 than any yet known : the acetic acid going off in vapour, leaves 

 the syrup when cold equally free from acid and oxide. 



On substituting an oxide of iron for that of copper it is 

 equally well dissolved by the saccharate of lime, but in this 

 case it is the protoxide ; and owing to the metal being al- 

 ready at its minimum, the addition of free sugar causes when 

 boiled no further deoxidation ; but this solution is very liable 

 to decomposition either in closed or open vessels, carbonates 

 of lime and iron crystallizing from it. On evaporating and 

 drying at 212°, 10 grains gave 



Lime = 1-8 = Hydrate 2*38 



Protoxide of iron = 1-17 = Do 1*463 



In this case 5 per cent, of carbonic acid had been absorbed 

 during evaporation, which deducted from 10 grs. leaves the 

 composition, 



1 Sugar = 171 = 58*6 



2 Ca O + 2 H O = 7(5 = 26' 



lFeO+HO = 45 = 15-4 



292 100- . 



The iron in this calcareo-saccharate, though insensible to 

 ferrocyanates and alkalies, is precipitated by both succinate 

 and benzoate of ammonia. 



On adding a precipitated protoxide of lead to the saccha- 

 rate of lime, a pale amber-coloured crystalline substance is pro- 

 duced on evaporation, 10 grains of which dried at 212°, give 



Lime 1*5 



Protoxide of lead 3*0 



X2 



