236 Prof. Dove's Outlines of a general TJieory of the Winds. 



8. East Prussia, 1826. The following is the result of my 

 own observations made at Koenigsberg. (PoggendorfTs^wa/., 

 vol. xi.) 



I have observed rotations in the direction of S. W. N. E. S. 

 at all seasons, but they appear most frequent during the win- 

 ter. If a SW. wind blows with increasing violence, and 

 finally prevails, it raises the temperature above the freezing 

 point, therefore it cannot snow, but it rains, while the baro- 

 meter arrives at its lowest state. The wind now turns towards 

 the W., and the thick flakes of snow prove the beginning of a 

 colder wind, as well as the quickly rising barometer, the 

 vane, and the thermometer. If the wind is northerly the sky 

 grows serene, and if NE. the maximum of cold and of the 

 barometer takes place. This however gradually begins to fall, 

 and fine cirri show by the direction of the fibres at their origin, 

 the southern wind which had set in, and which the barometer 

 already indicates, even while the vane feels nothing of it and 

 still points steadily to the east. The southerly wind however 

 with gradually increasing force drives the east wind in a down- 

 ward direction; simultaneously with a decided falling of the 

 quicksilver the vane indicates SE., the heavens become gradu- 

 ally more and more covered, and with increasing heat the snow 

 is converted by SE. and S. by SW. again into rain. There 

 is now a recommencement, and the driving downwards on the 

 eastern side is in a highly characteristical manner separated 

 from that on the west side by a clearing up for a short time. 

 Once acquainted with the phenomenon, when it appeared in its 

 most evident form it was easy for me again to recognise it in 

 its more irregular changes; nay, to deduce these, and also a 

 frequent springing backward, particularly on the western side. 

 Hence, therefore, I ascertained that, in this country at least, 

 all winds are great whirlwinds (I have seen rotations of from 

 one to twenty two days) ; that the rotation within side this 

 whirl moves on an average always in the same direction. 



9. Germany, Gunzenhausen. Although the rotation has 

 not been definitely described here, it will, however, easily be 

 recognised in the following extracts. Luz* says the N. and 

 NW. winds raise the barometer, and one might almost say, 

 invariably. The E. and NE. also frequently do this; not, 

 however, with so much certainty. At the same time there is 

 a clear sky. With W. wind the barometer also rises, but 

 the sky is then covered with lofty scattered clouds, which, 

 however, seldom rain. With SE. wind the barometer falls, 

 and the weather, notwithstanding, remains settled so long as 



* Beschreibung von Barometern, 1784, p. 351. 



