36 Dr. Turner's Chemical Examination of 



the space occupied by the molars and their size be deemed 

 sufficient ground for a conjecture, must have been equal to 

 that of the PithecusSatyrus: — the space taken up by the molars 

 is 2*15 inches. This circumstance, and the differences before 

 pointed out, clearly separate the fossil from the species be- 

 longing to the genera Cynocephalus or Semnopithecus. The 

 specimen is imperfect, but it indicates the existence of a gi- 

 gantic species of quadrumanous animals contemporaneously 

 with the Pachydermata of the Sub- Himalayas, and thus supplies 

 what has hitherto been a desideratum in palaeontology — proof 

 of the existence, in a fossil state, of the type of organization 

 most nearly resembling that of man. 



Note.— Fig. 2 is a little foreshortened in order to show the 

 bottom of the orbit at a, which in an accurate profile view is 

 hidden by the ascending part of the orbit, the section of which 

 is seen at b. 



Both figures were taken with the camera lucida. 



VI. Chemical Examination of the Colouring Matter of the 

 Green-sand Formation, By the late Edward Turner, 

 M.D., F.R.S.L. $• E., Professor of Chemistry in University 

 College^ London.* 



THHE colouring matter of green-sand sometimes appears in 

 -*■ the rock of its ordinary green tint, and sometimes in grains 

 of so deep a green that they seem black. The former gene- 

 rally occurs in sand, or where the sandstone is porous, and in 

 this state an ochreous appearance is often observed, due to 

 the green particles being partially decomposed, and their iron 



* From the Transactions of the Geological Society, vol. iv. part ii. p. 108. 

 Dr. Fitton, in whose paper on the strata below the chalk the above com- 

 munication by the late Dr. Turner is inserted, notices in the following 

 terms the subject to which it relates: 



" (10.) The green matter, which abounds in this stratum [the upper green 

 sand] near Wissant, on the opposite coast of France, has been examined by 

 M. Berthier * ; who found it to consist principally of silica and protoxide of 

 iron, with ten per cent, of^ potash. For the purpose of comparing the green- 

 sands of different places and formations, my friend Dr. Turner, Professor of 

 Chemistry in the London University, was good enough to examine some 

 specimens from the upper and lower green-sands of Folkstone, of theVale of 

 Wardour, and the Boulonnois, and also particles of the same kind which 

 abound in the sand and concretions beneath the Portland stone in the Bou- 

 lonnois, and in England. I subjoin the result of this examination, whence 

 it appears that in all these cases the green matter is of the same nature. A 

 slight examination of the green particles, which Sir John Herschel had 

 previously the goodness to make for me, intimated the same results." 



"• Cuvier and Brongniart, t Environs de Paris, 2nd edit. 1822, p. 249. 

 See also Annnlcs dcs Mines, iv. 1819, p. 623; and v. 1820, p. 197." 



