On the Fossil Jaw of a gigantic Quadrumanous Animal. 33 

 operations, we are perhaps not widely wrong in ascribing them 

 to some such causes as have produced such remarkable changes 

 of position in, and modified the composition of, every rock on this 

 sideofthe island of Cuba. This influence, towards the west, has 

 manifested itself by the injection of petroleum and bituminous 

 matter, not only in large quantities into the fissures of the 

 stratified rocks, but into the solid rocks themselves, and even 

 filling cells in the veins of chalcedony by which they are tra- 

 versed. In the quarter of which we have attempted to draw 

 the foregoing sketch, this influence is seen in the partial vitri- 

 fication of the serpentine and allied rocks; in the admixtnre 

 or proximity of igneous rocks ; in the conversion of masses of 

 quartz into a species of porcelain ; in the kneading into the 

 most contorted and fantastic forms the old stratified beds ; 

 in the obliteration, to a great extent, of the planes of stratifi- 

 cation of the limestone ; in the destruction of the traces of 

 organic remains which there is reason to conceive existed in 

 that formation ; and in the conversion of the whole series into 

 a compact, unstratified, and apparently homogeneous mass. 

 Philadelphia, March 1837. R. C. T. 



V. On the Fossil Jaw of a gigantic Quadrumanous Animal al- 

 lied to the genera Semnopithecus and Cynocephalus. By 

 Lieuts. W. E. Baker and H. M. Durand, Engineers* 



YELL, when combating the inconclusive evidence ad- 

 ■" vanced in support of the theory of the progressive de- 

 velopment of organic life, notices the absence of remains of 

 quadrumanous species in a fossil state, and the hypothesis 

 which this circumstance has by some geologists been consi- 

 dered to countenance. He, however, draws attention to the 

 fact, that the animals which are found in subaqueous deposits 

 are in general such as frequent marshes, rivers, or the borders 

 of lakes, and that such as live in trees are very rarely disco- 

 vered ; he adds, moreover, that considerable progress must 

 be made in ascertaining the contemporary Pachydermata be- 

 fore it can be anticipated that skeletons of the quadrumanous 

 tribes should occur. Considering the great number of relics 

 assignable to the Fachydermata, Ruminantia, and Fera?, which 

 the Sub- Himalayan field has produced, it is not therefore sur- 



• From the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. v. p. 739 etseq 

 This paper forms one of a series, by the same authors, on the Sub-Himala- 

 yan Fossil Remains of the Dadupur collection. Dr. Falconer and Capt. 

 Cautley's Memoir on the Sivatherium giganteum, another Sub-Himalayan 

 Fossil, will be found in Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. vol. ix. p. 193 et seq. 

 Third Series. Vol. 1 1. No. 64. July 1837. F 



