on the Origin of the Botanical Alliances. 251 



Magnoliosje. — This formation perhaps gives the correct 

 limits of Dr. Lindley's important Albuminosa?. 



MenispermosjE. — Linnaeus was obviously acquainted with 

 both the transitions to the Monocotyledons. 



Asp arag ales. — The Pkylloacroblasta? Liliacex of Reich- 

 enbach are Juncaceae {Junceae, Triglochinae, Melantheae, 

 (Scheuchzeria, Butomus)}, Sarmentaceae { Xeroteae, Smilaceae, 

 DioscoreaB}, Coronariae {Methoniceae (Alstromeria), Tuli- 

 paceae, Gilliesieae, Scilieae, Hemerocallideae, Alliaceae, Dra- 

 caeneae}. Dr. Lindley has very happily disentangled the Li- 

 liaceae. 



Asparagos.se. — The Endogenous alliances begin here ; Cses- 

 alpinus vaguely marked them " Triplici principio fibrosae et 

 buibosae;" Ray must, it seems, be deemed the founder of the 

 Monocotyledons as a class, though Lobel noticed the struc- 

 ture. 



Bromeliales. — Richard unites the Hypocarpous Endo- 

 gens (nearly Orchidales and Bromeliales) under the name of 

 Monosymphysogonie, loosely arranged; he mentions as an 

 objection, that Hydrocharaceae would so be separated from 

 Alismaceae. Hess, a botanist of admirable tact, adopts 

 Richard's arrangement, which is also more or less recognised 

 by Dr. Lindley. — Agardh makes some Rhizanths stand next 

 Hymenomycetes ; if they all lie together, they may well form 

 a distinct alliance. 



Ulvales. — These are nearly the Algce. 



Charales. — The Goniopterides of Bartling contain Cha* 

 raceae and Equisetaceae. It may be doubted whether the 

 shell of Sigillaria can be considered as bark. 



Osmundales. — These seem to be nearly the Capillares of 

 Morison and Ray. Dr. Lindley has judiciously broken them 

 down into natural families. 



Piperales. — The Piperina? of Bartling include Chloran- 

 thaceae, Piperaceae, Saururaceae. In his first edition of the 

 " Natural System," Dr. Lindley threw together after the 

 Chenopodiales the following families: Saurureae, Chloran- 

 theae, Lacistemeae, Piperaceae, Podostemeae, Callitrichineae, 

 Ceratophylleae. This led directly to the Haloragales, and 

 suggested the transition from the Urticales, on which the 

 arrangement of the Ulvaceous race is founded. 



Haloragales. — The Haloragea? of Bartling contain as 

 sections Hippuridea, Callitrichea, Halorageae (Trapa). 



CEnotherales. — The Calyciflorce of Bartling contain his 

 Halorageae, Lythrarieae (Elatinacefle), Onagrariae (Philadel- 



2 K2 



