Arrangements of the Ruminantia. 471 



confining them to the rich savannah and the moist forest, or enabling 

 them to roam over the arid mountain, the parched karroo, and the 

 burning desert. 



" Having thus briefly explained the necessity of reforming the 

 characters of the different groups of the Order Ruminantia, as they 

 are at present constituted, and the nature and value of the principles 

 which I propose to employ for that purpose, I shall at once proceed 

 to their practical application, confidently anticipating that their 

 employment will remove the most serious objections which exist 

 against the present distribution of the order, and place our knowledge 

 of these interesting animals, in point of scientific accuracy, precision, 

 and affinity, on a par with the more generally cultivated departments 

 of zoology. 



Fam. I. Camelid.e. 



Pedes subbisulci, subtus callosi, digitis apice solo distinctis ; un- 

 gulae succenturiata? nulla? ; cornua nulla ; dentes primores supra 

 duo, infra sex. 

 2 Genera. 



1. Camelus, cujus characteres sunt : Digiii conjuncti, immobiles. 

 Rostrum chilomate instructum, labro fisso. Sinus lachrymales nulli. 

 Fossa interdigitales nulla?. Folliculi inguinales nulli. Mamma qua- 

 tuor. 



2. Auchenia : Digiti disjuncti, mobiles. Rostrum chilomate in- 

 structum, labro fisso. Sinus lachrymales nulli. Fossce interdigitales 

 nulla?. Folliculi inguinales nulli. Mamma duse. 



" The Camelida form what Mr. MacLeay would call an aberrant 

 group ; they differ essentially from other Ruminants in the structure 

 both of the organs of locomotion and of mastication, and their ge- 

 neric distinctions consequently depend upon characters which have 

 no application to the remaining groups of the order. On the other 

 hand, the principles of generic distribution which subsist among the 

 rest of the Ruminantia appear to furnish negative characters only 

 when applied to the Camelidce; but though necessarily expressed 

 negatively, the absence of lachrymal, inguinal, and interdigital sinuses 

 forms, in reality, positive and substantial characters, and as such, as 

 well as for the sake of uniformity, should be introduced into the de- 

 finition of these, as well as of other genera, in which they unavoid- 

 ably appear under a negative form. 



Fam. II. Cervid^:. 



Pedes bisulci ; cornua solida, plerumque decidua, in mare solo, aut 

 in utroque sexu ; dentes primores supra nulli, infra octo. 

 6 Genera. 



1. Camelopardalis. Cornua in utroque sexu, perennia, simpli- 

 cia, cute obducta. Rhinaria nulla. Sinus lachrymales nulli. Fossce 

 interdigitales parvse. Folliculi inguinales nulli. Mamma quatuor. 

 Duo species sunt C. JEthiopicus et C. Capensis. 



2. Tarandus. Cornua in utroque sexu, subpalmata, decidua. 

 Rhinaria nulla. Sinus lachrymales exigui. Fossa interdigitales parvae. 

 Folliculi inguinales nulli. Mamma quatuor. Typus est Tarandus Ran- 

 gifer (Cervus Tarandus). 



