Geographical Collections. 443 



is, that no where else in the two worlds, does the granite with common large feld- 

 spar, deprived of albite, and unaccompanied by gneiss and mica slate, exhibit 

 proofs of irruption and effusion, as in the Altai. We do not only see the granite 

 penetrating in veins which are lost towards the top in the clay-slate, and making 

 its way to the surface thro\igh this rock, but also distinctly spreading out over it, 

 and covering a continuous space of more than 2000 toises : then conical hills, 

 and little bells of granite, and domes of trachytic porphyry, dolomites in granite, 

 veins of porphyry, &c. &c. 



M. Rose discovered, in the north of the Ural, a place where the porphyry, clefl 

 and partly rounded, had converted, by contact, lime into jasper, divided by pa- 

 rallel bands. I have also seen these striae and silifications at Pedrazio. The 

 Ural is also remarkable for the intimate connection of the euphotide (serpentine) 

 chlorite slate, with pyroxeuic greenstones containing more hornblende than py- 

 roxene. I have endeavoured to observe the temperature of the earth, (it is often 

 above 2° cent.) and the inclination and magnetic intensity in the places which 

 had not been visited by MM. Hansteen and Ehrmann. The same points prove 

 the motion of knots from east to west, which you have noticed in your report on 

 .the voyage of M. Freycinet. But the post is going, and leaves me not a moment 

 to re-write or correct this confused letter. 



Principal Sovereigns of Asia and Northern Africa. 



Ottoman Empire. — This monarchy comprises Turkey in Europe, (of which 

 Moldavia, Wallachia, Bulgaria, Servia, and Bosnia, form a part,) Asia Minor, 

 the islands of Candia and of Cyprus, a great part of Armenia, Kurdistan, Irack, 

 Arabia, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and a great part of Nu- 

 bia ; we except from these the new Grecian state. The surface of the whole of 

 these countries is about 1,064,000 square miles, and their populadon may be es- 

 teemed at 25,000,000 of souls. 



Sultan ftlahmoud II. son of Sultan Abd'oulhamid, bom the 20th of July 1785, 

 and proclaimed in the place of his brother Mustapha IV. dethroned the 28th of 

 July 1808. 



Egypt Mohammed-Ali, bom at Cavala in Romelia, in 1769, (1182 of the 



Hejira,) son of Ibrahim Agha, proclaimed pacha the 14th of May 1805, in place 

 of Khorschid- Pacha ; confirmed by the sultan Selim III. the 1st of April 1806. 



Bagdad. — Daoud- Pacha. 



Moldavia — Jean Stourdza, Moldavian, elected hospodar the 16th of July 1822, 

 and proclaimed at Yassy the 21st of the same month. 



Wallachia. — Gregory Ghika, elected hospodar the 16th of July 1822, and in- 

 augurated by the Pacha of Silistria the 21st of September 1822. 



Vassals of the Ottoman Empire. 



' 7'rt;)o/J..— Sidi Yousouf, Karamanli, pacha, succeeded in May 1795, to his 

 fether Ali, son of Mohammed ; the number of his subjects is esteemed at two 

 millions. 



Tunis — Sidi Hasan-Bey succeeded to Homouda-Bey the 23d of March 1824. 

 His estates have about 2,800,000 inhabitants. 



Algiers — Houssain, son of Hasan ancient minister of the interior, succeeded 

 the 1st of March 1818, to the dey Ali. Houssain was 54 years old at the period 

 of the conquest of Algiers by the French, and the population was estimated at 

 two millions and a half. 



The Scherif of Mecca — Yahia, son of Sourour, replaced, the 2d of November 

 1813, his uncle, the scherif Ghaleb, deposed by the pacha of Egypt, Mohammed 

 Ali, and who died at Salonica in 1818. 



