Osographical CoUectiMi. 445 



in 1795 i the latter had submitted the Mtktam towatds tbe Utter tnd of his 

 reign ; his son abandoned it in 1809. 



BtUk, conquered in 1 825 by Mir Mourftd>bey, who drove out N«djib-OuU«h<i. 

 kan, governor for the king of Caboul. 



Bokhara, 173,000 square miles, 2,500,000 inhabitants, 12,000,000 francs of 

 revenue. 



The great khan of Bokhara and of Samarkand, Batkur-Khan, succeeded to his 

 fkther, Mir-Haider>K))an in 1820) the intermediate reign of his brother, Mir 

 Houssain, only lasted four months. The governor of Hisard is Seid-Atalik-bey, 

 fkthcr-in-law of Mir-Haider. 



Kholand, comprising the country watered by the upper part of the Syr>Dari or 

 Schoum. 



£mir<Khan, prince of Farghanah and of Kholand. 



Badakktchan, comprising the country watered by the upper part of the Arnou- 

 Daria or Oxus. 



Miraa-Abd'oul Ghafoul, son of Mohammed Scbah, resides at Farzabad, a town 

 different from Babakschan, and placed to the south of this. 



Kharism, on the inferior Oxus, with 350,000 inhabitants, partly nomades. 



Bahman-Kouli.Khan succeeded to his &ther Mohammed-Rahin Khan in 

 1826 ; the title of these princes, of Ousbdce origin, is Taksir-Khan ; they leside 

 at Khiva.— y4«ta<io Journal of Paris. U 



Journals and Periodical Publications of Poland, 



The periodicals of Poland, according to the most recent statements, and briag«« 

 ing them into their relation with the population of the different parts of Polaad^ 

 would be as follows : — 



Population. Jornn. 1 Jomnu to 



1. Independent Poland^ Republic of Cra- 



covia, 107,934 5 21,586 



2. Russian Poland ; or the governments 



of Wilna, Grodna, Minsk, Braly. 

 suk, Vitcpsk, Mohclow, Walliynia, 

 Podolla, Ukraine, or of Kiou, Cour- 



land, 11,289,100 2 6,644,550 i 



Of kingdom of Russian Poland, . 4,688,289 37 110,000 , 



3. Prussian Poland, .... 1,984,124 1 1,984,124 

 6. Austrian Poland, .... 4,226^69 4 1,056,742 



Total, 22,296,416 49 



A great falling off, with respect to literature, has more especially taken place 

 in the provinces entirely under the Muscovite empire. In 1823 the new system 

 of government was adopted by the Emperor Alexander, and the supreme autho- 

 rity was vested in the hands of the Great Duke Constantine, and from that pe- 

 riod we may date all the misfortunes of the Poles. Till then WUna was the 

 centre of knowledge for all dismembered Poland, and surpassed Varsovia with 

 respect to literature ; for not being, like it, distracted by the wars of N^oleon, she 

 could offer an asylum to those who devoted themselves to the sciences. In 1823, 

 there were in that city as many as ten journals and newspapers, characterized by 

 a conscientious and learned direction ; at the present day we can only name two, 

 and they are subjected to a kind of military censorship. Tbe same decline distin- 

 guishes Prussian Poland, where the number of inhabitants who speak Polish di- 

 minishes every day, whilst the use of the German language is more and more ex- 

 tended. Austria is in that respect less fatal to Poland than Prussia. 



On the other hand, the progress in the other parts of Poland is astonishing ; 



