ARK THE NOTODONTID^E DOUBLE-BROODED. 1 I 1 



elle so metamorphose aussi de la meme maniere." The egg is laid at the 

 back of the leaf, and is scarcely distinguishable from that of Dictcea. (C.) 



62. iV. Ziczac. — Not common, though I occasionally met with the eggs 

 and larva; both at Brandeston and Play ford, on poplar and sallow. 



N. B. — M. Duponchel says of this insect, "This species has two broods in 

 the year; the larvae which we find in June, are the produce of moths bred 

 in April and May, and which have passed the winter in the pupa state; those 

 which appear from September to the end of October, proceed from moths 

 bred at the end of the summer." — "Cette espece a deux generations par an, 

 les chenilles que Ton trouve en Juin proviennent de papillons e"clos en Avril 

 ou en Mai, et qui ont passe l'hiver en chrysalide; celles qui paraissent depuis 

 Septembre jusqu'a la fin d'Octobre, proviennent de papillons eelos dans le courant 

 de l'ete." It is also double-brooded in this country, that is, the eggs laid in May 

 produce moths in July or August, and the produce of this second brood 

 become full-fed in the autumn, and pass the winter in the pupa state. This 

 occurs both in confinement and out of doors. I had a brood of N. ziczac 

 in May, 1854, from eggs laid by a bred female. They spun up the end of 

 June. About the 18th. of July the first moth appeared, and in a short time 

 every pupa had emerged. I immediately decided N. ziczac was double-brooded, 

 but was met by the objection that it was confinement which had caused this 

 rapid maturity. This last spring, 1857, Mr. Gascoyne, of Newark, had about 

 seventy pupa? of N. ziczac, these all produced moths in May, and whenever 

 they had a chance they paired. The produce of this brood, which were kept 

 out of doors, and on growing plants, were full-fed and spun up in July. 

 They all produced moths in that month and August. This brood also always 

 paired when allowed to do so, and laid fertile eggs. Mr. E. Shepherd "distinctly 

 denies" that N. ziczac is double-brooded. I leave the readers of "The Natu- 

 ralist" to form their own conclusion. Th? egg of this insect has a sort of 

 bluish tinge, which distinguishes it from the rest of the JVotodontce ; it is 

 laid on the under side of the leaf. The larva feeds indiscriminately on the 

 various species of poplar, willow, and sallow, and is exceedingly variable in 

 colour. I may add that whenever I have found eggs or larvae of this insect 

 in June or July, the perfect insect has almost invariably appeared in August. 

 (C.) 



(To be continued.) 



ARE THE NOTODONTIDjE DOUBLE-BROODED? 



BY THE REV. J. GREENE. 



I have read with much interest the remarks of my friend Mr. Crewe, 

 upon the double-broodedness of some of the Notodontida?, and I freely 

 confess that he makes out a strong case. Still his answer to my main, 

 I my say my only objection, is not satisfactory. My objection was and 

 is, that of the pupa dug up even as early as the beginning of August, 

 there is no instance on record of the perfect insect appearing from them 



