58 LIST OP LEPIPOPTERA. 



and branches of trees, to which it clings with great tenacity. It closely re- 

 sembles the larva of C. nupta (though of course much smaller) in its habits 

 and appearance. It seems to be polypbagous. The perfect insect is a very 

 strong and active flyer, and soon injures itself. 



N.B. — The larva of this insect may at once be recognised by its orange 

 belly. It will feed on almost any tree. I have myself taken it upon birch, 

 elm, alder, hawthorn, sallow, and oak. In confinement it requires plenty of 

 air, and is very apt to die when changing its skin. Tbe egg is clay-coloured, 

 spotted with black, and having a black spot encircled by a white ring at the 

 base. When first hatched the young larva will feed freely upon the young 

 leaves of the hawthorn. (C.) 



34. L. rubi. — Extremely common in the larva state on Kesgrave heath. It 

 (the larva) hybernates, as is well known. Vast numbers must fall a prey to 

 ichneumons, as I did not observe a single specimen on the wing, and all the 

 larvae I kept produced a dipterous insect, each containing from four to six of 

 them. 



35. L. quercus. — Also common. The larva appears willing to feed on any- 

 thing and everything. I have even found it on laurel. 



36. L. callunce. — As I quite agree with Mr. Weaver, in considering tbis a 

 distinct insect, I am happy to be able to enumerate it among the Lepidoptera 

 of Suffolk. I met with one larva only, at Brandeston. It was taken the first 

 week in June, 1855, having evidently hybernated. It was then about two 

 inches in length, slender, greyish brown, with blue rings, and very hairy. It 

 was full fed by the end of that month, and the perfect insect did not appear 

 till the end of the July in the following year, having been thirteen months 

 in the pupa state. It was a male, and did not differ much in appearance 

 from Quercus, excepting that it was much more richly coloured. At page 113 

 of the "Substitute," is a communication from me on this subject, which I am 

 ashamed to say, abounds with mistakes, and I am anxious to correct them 

 here. I there state that the larva of Quercus turned to a pupa at the end 

 of August. I should have said that the insect emerged from the pupa at that 

 time. How I could have made this blunder, I cannot conceive. There are 

 also several inaccuracies in that communication respecting the larva of Callunce. 

 I need not enumerate them here, as the statement given above will be suf- 

 ficient to set them right. Now, unless I am greatly mistaken, Quercus com- 

 pletes its transformations, in England at least, in twelve months, that is, the 

 eggs are hatched in the autumn, the larva; hybernate, spin up at tbe end of 

 June, and the perfect insect appears in July and August. But, not to mention 

 the difference in the larva;, Callunce requires exactly double that period to 

 arrive at maturity, remaining a whole year in the pupa state alone. When 

 Mr. Weaver first broached the idea, that his Scotch specimens were a distinct 

 species, it was answered, I believe, that the difference of climate and soil 

 sufficiently accounted for the variation in the habits and appearance of the 

 insect in its different stages. That the habits of the same species will often 

 be very dissimilar in Scotland to what they are in England, no one will deny. 

 In proof of this I may mention the following circumstance: — Not long since 

 that intelligent and accurate Entomologist, Mr. Chapman, of Glasgow, wrote 



