120 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON THE PERMIAN BEDS, ETC. 



and of a brick*red colour, dipping to the north-west at an 

 angle of 25°. This stone I cannot distinguish from the sand- 

 stones of Howrigg and Shawk, previously described. 



The beds lying between the most southerly bridge over the 

 brook and the old lime kilns are certainly more like permian 

 than carboniferous beds in their appearance, and might be 

 taken for the former, as similar beds in the Belah have been 

 by experienced geologists, if it were not for the fact that both 

 the Westward and Belah deposits contain crinoidal stems, and 

 other undoubted mountain limestone fossils. 



The beds in this section — namely, the red marls and sandy 

 deposits — which appear to me to belong to the permian group, 

 dip at the same angle and in the same direction as the under- 

 lying carboniferous strata, namely, at an angle of 15°, but 

 the red sandstone under which they disappear, although 

 dipping in the same direction, inclines at an angle of 25°, 

 instead of 15°. 



The brick-red sandstones of Howrigg, Shawk, and West- 

 ward, with their underlying red clays, as well as the breccia 

 at Shawk, I have little doubt will be proved to be permian. 

 It is true that no fossil organic remains have yet been found 

 in them, with the exception of the track alluded to in this 

 paper ; but if mineraiogical characters and geological super- 

 position are to be taken as evidence of their age, they are as 

 good permian beds as those of Westhouse, Kirby Stephen, and 

 Brough, in England, and Dumfries and other places in the 

 south-west of Scotland, with the latter of which they are 

 most probably connected. 



