132 MR. F. C. CALVERT AND MR. R. JOHNSON ON THE 



so light and formed of such minute granules, as to be exactly 

 like an ant's nest. The particles have no adherence to each 

 other, for by mere handling of the mass it falls into pieces. 

 This is due to each particle of iron being intimately mixed 

 with scoria. 



The granules of iron have a black appearance externally, are 

 very brittle under the hammer, and when broken present a 

 bright silvery metallic fracture. 



The scoria was separated by the method above described 

 for No. 3, and the quantities of carbon and silicium which 

 the iron contained were as follows : — 



First Analysis. Second Analysis. Mean. 



Carbon 2.33o 2.276 2-305 



Silicium 0.187 0.17a 0.182 



Fifth Sample, taken at 1 35 p.m. 



This sample is a most important one in the series, as it is 

 the first in which the iron is malleable and flattens when 

 hammered. It was ladled out of the furnace just as the 

 boil was completed and the swollen mass began to subside. 

 The damper at the top of the chimney was drawn up, so 

 that a very rapid draught was established through the fur- 

 nace. The puddler also changed his tool, leaving the rubble 

 and taking the puddle to work with. 



When cold it partakes of the appearance of Nos. 3 and 4 

 samples, the mass being spongy and brittle as in No. 4, but 

 less granulated, and like No. 3 being in separate globules, 

 mixed with the scoria. The granules are black externally, 

 but are bright and metallic when flattened.* The analysis of 

 these globules proves that the mass of iron in the furnace has 

 lost, during the quarter of an hour which has elapsed since the 

 taking of No. 4 sample, a large proportion of its carbon equal 

 to 20 per cent, of its weight, whilst the silicium on the con- 

 trary has remained nearly stationary. 



First Analysis. Second Analysis. Mean. 



Carbon 1.614 1.681 1.B47 



Silicium 0.188 0.178 0-185 



