CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF PUDDLING. 135 



Ninth Sample of Puddled Bar. 

 The balls taken out of the furnace were hammered and then 

 rolled into bars, and in these we found the following : — 



First Analysis. Seoond Analysis. Mean. 



Carbon 0.291 0.301 0.300 



Silicium . 0.1 0.110 0.120 



Sulphur. 0.142 0.126 0.134 



Phosphorus 0.139 ... 0.139 



Tenth Sample — Wire Iron. 



The puddled bars were cut into billets of about four feet in 

 length, and heated in a furnace to white heat, and then rolled 

 into wire iron. The proportions of carbon, silicium, sulphur, 

 and phosphorus, were as follows : — 



First Analysis. Second Analysis. Mean. 



Carbon 0.100 0.122 0.111 



Silicium 0.095 0.082 0.088 



Sulphur 0.093 0.096 0.094 



Phosphorus 0.117 ... 0.117 



To complete the series of products in the conversion of pig 

 iron into wrought iron, we analysed the scoria or slag which 

 remained in the furnace after the balls had been taken out, 

 and found its composition to be as follows : — 



Silica 16.53 



Protoxide of Iron 66.23 



Sulphuret of Iron 6.80 



Phosphoric Acid" 3.80 



Protoxide of Manganese 4.90 



Alumina.. 1.04 



Lime 0.70 



100.00 



Therefore, in the scoria are found the silicium, phosphorus, 

 sulphur, and manganese, which existed in the pig iron ; and 

 probably the phosphorus and silicium are removed from the 

 iron by their forming fusible compounds with its oxide. 



We shall conclude this paper by giving our results in a 

 tabulated form, so that the removal of the carbon and silicium 



