158 ALFRED FRYER ON SOME PECULIARITIES OF THE 



a greater f stair ty among men; from 25 to 54 'ai'ucr.g 'Yemen? 

 from 55 to 64 among men ; from 65 to 74 it is about equal, 

 and from 74 and upwards there being more aged women than 

 men their deaths preponderate. 



In tables 10 and 11 we see the contrast between the town 

 and country, which is unfavourable to the former in every 

 particular; and, as tender and young plants are soonest in- 

 jured by ungenial influences, so we must expect to see the 

 unhealthiness of towns prove especially fatal to children. We 

 accordingly find that up to five years the deaths in towns 

 are double those in the country. It must, however, here be 

 borne in mind that the deaths under one year, though correct 

 for the whole, are divided between the town and country in 

 the proportion of the mortality of the subsequent four years. 

 But, allowing a large margin for the chance of inaccuracy, 

 the fatality of town life to children is excessive. Until the 

 age of 54, when half of the town-born have died (while about 

 two-thirds of the country-born are living), the mortality of the 

 towns is in excess. After that age, as there are a greater 

 number of survivors among the country population the deaths 

 among them are more numerous, so that they appear at 

 first sight to have a lower degree of health, but in the town 

 these same individuals, whose deaths are enumerated, would 

 have already died before that age. An examination of this 

 table is conclusive that something more is wanted for suc- 

 cessfully rearing children than suitable food, clothing, and 

 shelter ; plenty of pure air cannot with impunity be replaced 

 by a polluted atmosphere, and no amount of nursing and 

 medicine can compensate for the change. 



Table 7 is an analysis of the deaths of children under one 

 year, and the preponderance of the deaths of boys over girls 

 is shown throughout. The deaths of boys under one month 

 were 31 in excess of the girls; from one to three months, 8 

 in excess; from three to six, 14 in excess; six to twelve, 7 in 



