1 62 ALFRED FRYER ON SOME PECULIARITIES OF THE 



[To prevent confusion in the diagram, the figures relating to deaths under one 

 year are inserted separately in the following table.] 



INFANT MORTALITY. 



Friend* Friends friends England Manchester 



_ Country. Average. Towns. Average. Average. 



Out of 100 Children ) 



born, the Number} 1 year 95*6 93.8 90.3 78.0 74.8 



Surviving at.... ) 



2 „ 94.0 91.8 87.6 70.0 61.0 



3 „ 92.8 90.5 86.1 65.6 55.1 



4 „ 92.1 89.7 84.9 62.7 51.3 



5 „ 91.6 89.0 83.8 60.6 48.6 



of Friends at 65 and upwards is 44 out of each 100 born; in 

 England it is only 19£. In England generally, out of a given 

 number born, one-half die before they attain 20 years; in Man- 

 chester one-half die before they attain 5 years. In the Society 

 of Friends, 60 years must elapse before one-half die. At ex- 

 treme old age, 95 and upwards, there would appear to be but 

 little difference between the proportion dying among Friends 

 and others; but as previously stated, the number attaining 

 so great an age is very small, and not sufficient to warrant 

 us in coming to any conclusion. As the Society of Friends 

 does not increase in population the number of births is not 

 in excess of the deaths, and the proportion of children is less 

 than in England generally. This gives a somewhat fictitious 

 increase to the average length of life, and also a correspond- 

 ing diminution of infant deaths. Nevertheless this effect is 

 small, and need scarcely enter into the calculation. 



Another question naturally arises : Are unhealthy towns 

 deteriorating or improving ; have we in Manchester a greater 

 or less expectancy of life than our fathers and grandfathers ; 

 is Manchester more or less healthy than it was half a century 

 or a century ago, at least for such portion of the community 

 as live in the most favourable manner, whether the locality 

 is healthy or not ? A very laborious transcription and classi- 

 fication of the records of the deaths of all persons interred 



